Prova ITA 2012 comentada: questões e gabarito

ITA20121a faseQuestao 1QuímicaPropriedades ColigativasMedia

Uma amostra de 2×10⁻² g de um determinado composto orgânico é dissolvida em 300 mL de água a 25 °C, resultando numa solução de pressão osmótica 0,027 atm. Pode-se afirmar, então, que o composto orgânico é o(a)

A)ácido etanoico (ácido acético).
B)1,2-etanodiol (etileno glicol).
C)etanol (álcool etílico).
D)metanodiamida (ureia).
E)tri-fluor-carbono.

ITA20121a faseQuestao 1InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaFacil

As questões de 1 a 3 referem-se ao Texto 1. Texto 1 THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2010. Newsweek Article: Bullying and Empathy (Kate Altman, M.S.) Newsweek offers an article on how schools are using empathy- training programs in an effort to reduce bullying in schools: http://www.newsweek.com/2010/12/15/can-schools-teach-kids- not-to-bully.html 1 The effective_____ of such programs is unclear at this point, and experts are divided on whether it makes more sense to offer the programs to young children (elementary school age) or older children (middle school age) (both, is probably the answer). High school kids 5 are simply difficult to reach logistically, since they all have different schedules all day. Unsurprisingly, some experts have found that the most important component to empathy training is to include the parents. In assessing these programs and the broader issues of 10 empathy-training and bullying, there are multiple factors to consider and no clear answers. First of all, empathy is one of the most difficult and least-understood skills we can develop - adults and kids alike. Empathy is the process of viewing and understanding the world through another's experience, and it is often confused with sympathy, 15 which is, essentially, compassion and lacks the "walking in another's shoes" component (which is not to say it is not an admirable trait, it's just different from empathy). Developmentally, children may not be able to truly understand and practice empathy until they are closer to the pre-teen years, but introducing the concept early and often is a 20 good primer for its later development. Another big question to consider: are programs focused on empathy simply band-aids on much larger, more systemic problems? Why are kids bullying other kids in the first place? What family issues, societal issues, educational issues, are contributing to the need/urge 25 to humiliate and attack other children for some sort of personal gain and satisfaction? My guess is that for many kids, participating in a brief (or even a few brief) empathy-skills seminars simply is not enough, and will not get at the root(s) of the problems(s), no matter how young they are when the programs begin. 30 I'm not saying that the programs are not a good idea. I imagine that they have a lot of benefits and could especially help kids who would not necessarily be bullies themselves, but may have quietly stood by while witnessing bullying, to become more confident about standing up to/reporting bullies. However, to truly reduce 35 bullying, society and schools need to find ways to identify and work with aggressive children and their families from a young age - to troubleshoot factors (from not having basic needs met, to divorce, to models of aggression in the home, etc.) that contribute to triggering aggressive behavior. Such an approach would be expensive and time- 40 consuming and would command a lot of schools' resources, but it is hard to imagine a more lightweight approach being nearly as effective. Para estar adequada ao contexto em que aparece, a palavra «effective» (linha 1) deve ser acrescida de

A)fully.
B)by.
C)ness.
D)ful.
E)lessly.

ITA20121a faseQuestao 1MatemáticaAnálise combinatóriaFacil

Deseja-se trocar uma moeda de 25 centavos, usando-se apenas moedas de 1, 5 e 10 centavos. Então, o número de diferentes maneiras em que a moeda de 25 centavos pode ser trocada é igual a

A)6
B)8
C)10
D)12
E)14

ITA20121a faseQuestao 1FísicaAnálise dimensionalMedia

Ondas acústicas são ondas de compressão, ou seja, propagam-se em meios compressíveis. Quando uma barra metálica é golpeada em sua extremidade, uma onda longitudinal propaga-se por ela com velocidade

v = E a / ρ

. A grandeza

E

é conhecida como módulo de Young, enquanto

ρ

é a massa específica e

a

uma constante adimensional. Qual das alternativas é condizente à dimensão de

E

?

A) $J/ m^{2}$
B) $N/ m^{2}$
C) $J/s \cdot m$
D) $kg \cdot m/ s^{2}$
E) $dyn/c m^{3}$

ITA20121a faseQuestao 2MatemáticaProbabilidadeFacil

Dois atiradores acertam o alvo uma vez a cada três disparos. Se os dois atiradores disparam simultaneamente, então a probabilidade do alvo ser atingido pelo menos uma vez é igual a

A) $\frac{2}{9}$
B) $\frac{1}{3}$
C) $\frac{4}{9}$
D) $\frac{5}{9}$
E) $\frac{2}{3}$

ITA20121a faseQuestao 2InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil

As questões de 1 a 3 referem-se ao Texto 1. Texto 1 THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2010. Newsweek Article: Bullying and Empathy (Kate Altman, M.S.) Newsweek offers an article on how schools are using empathy- training programs in an effort to reduce bullying in schools: http://www.newsweek.com/2010/12/15/can-schools-teach-kids- not-to-bully.html 1 The effective_____ of such programs is unclear at this point, and experts are divided on whether it makes more sense to offer the programs to young children (elementary school age) or older children (middle school age) (both, is probably the answer). High school kids 5 are simply difficult to reach logistically, since they all have different schedules all day. Unsurprisingly, some experts have found that the most important component to empathy training is to include the parents. In assessing these programs and the broader issues of 10 empathy-training and bullying, there are multiple factors to consider and no clear answers. First of all, empathy is one of the most difficult and least-understood skills we can develop - adults and kids alike. Empathy is the process of viewing and understanding the world through another's experience, and it is often confused with sympathy, 15 which is, essentially, compassion and lacks the "walking in another's shoes" component (which is not to say it is not an admirable trait, it's just different from empathy). Developmentally, children may not be able to truly understand and practice empathy until they are closer to the pre-teen years, but introducing the concept early and often is a 20 good primer for its later development. Another big question to consider: are programs focused on empathy simply band-aids on much larger, more systemic problems? Why are kids bullying other kids in the first place? What family issues, societal issues, educational issues, are contributing to the need/urge 25 to humiliate and attack other children for some sort of personal gain and satisfaction? My guess is that for many kids, participating in a brief (or even a few brief) empathy-skills seminars simply is not enough, and will not get at the root(s) of the problems(s), no matter how young they are when the programs begin. 30 I'm not saying that the programs are not a good idea. I imagine that they have a lot of benefits and could especially help kids who would not necessarily be bullies themselves, but may have quietly stood by while witnessing bullying, to become more confident about standing up to/reporting bullies. However, to truly reduce 35 bullying, society and schools need to find ways to identify and work with aggressive children and their families from a young age - to troubleshoot factors (from not having basic needs met, to divorce, to models of aggression in the home, etc.) that contribute to triggering aggressive behavior. Such an approach would be expensive and time- 40 consuming and would command a lot of schools' resources, but it is hard to imagine a more lightweight approach being nearly as effective. A opção que descreve a palavra «empathy» é

A)essentially compassion.
B)walking in another's shoes.
C)an admirable trait.
D)a band-aid on more systemic problems.
E)societal and educational issues.

ITA20121a faseQuestao 2FísicaDinâmicaDificil

Considere uma rampa plana, inclinada de um ângulo

θ

em relação à horizontal, no início da qual encontra-se um carrinho. Ele então recebe uma pancada que o faz subir até uma certa distância, durante o tempo

t_{s}

, descendo em seguida até sua posição inicial. A "viagem" completa dura um tempo total

t

. Sendo

μ

o coeficiente de atrito cinético entre o carrinho e a rampa, a relação

t / t_{s}

é igual a

A) $2$
B) $1 + (tan θ + μ) /∣ tan θ - μ ∣$
C) $1 + (cos θ + μ) /∣ cos θ - μ ∣$
D) $1 + (sen θ + μ) /∣ cos θ - μ ∣$
E) $1 - (tan θ + μ) /∣ tan θ - μ ∣$

ITA20121a faseQuestao 2QuímicaQuímica orgânicaFacil

Considere as seguintes afirmações: I. Aldeídos podem ser oxidados a ácidos carboxílicos. II. Alcanos reagem com haletos de hidrogênio. III. Aminas formam sais quando reagem com ácidos. IV. Alcenos reagem com álcoois para formar ésteres. Das afirmações acima, está(ão) CORRETA(S) apenas

A)I.
B)I e III.
C)II.
D)II e IV.
E)IV.

ITA20121a faseQuestao 3QuímicaCinética química e catáliseDificil

A reação de sulfonação do naftaleno ocorre por substituição eletrofílica nas posições α e β do composto orgânico, de acordo com o diagrama de coordenada de reação a 50 °C. Com base neste diagrama, são feitas as seguintes afirmações: I. A reação de sulfonação do naftaleno é endotérmica. II. A posição α do naftaleno é mais reativa do que a de β. III. O isômero β é mais estável que o isômero α. Das afirmações acima, está(ão) CORRETA(S) apenas

Imagens anexadas

A)I.
B)I e II.
C)II.
D)II e III.
E)III.

ITA20121a faseQuestao 3MatemáticaNúmeros complexosMedia

Sejam

z = n^{2} (cos 4 5^{\circ} + i sen 4 5^{\circ})

e

w = n (cos 1 5^{\circ} + i sen 1 5^{\circ})

, em que

n

é o menor inteiro positivo tal que

(1 + i)^{n}

é real. Então,

\frac{z}{w}

é igual a

A) $3 + i$
B) $2 (3 + i)$
C) $2 (2 + i)$
D) $2 (2 - i)$
E) $2 (3 - i)$

ITA20121a faseQuestao 3FísicaDinâmicaDificil

Um elevador sobe verticalmente com aceleração constante e igual a

a

. No seu teto está preso um conjunto de dois sistemas massa-mola acoplados em série, conforme a figura. O primeiro tem massa

m_{1}

e constante de mola

k_{1}

, e o segundo, massa

m_{2}

e constante de mola

k_{2}

. Ambas as molas têm o mesmo comprimento natural (sem deformação)

ℓ

. Na condição de equilíbrio estático relativo ao elevador, a deformação da mola de constante

k_{1}

é

y

, e a da outra,

x

. Pode-se então afirmar que

(y - x)

é

Imagens anexadas

A) $[(k_{2} - k_{1}) m_{2} + k_{2} m_{1}] (g - a) / k_{1} k_{2}$
B) $[(k_{2} + k_{1}) m_{2} + k_{2} m_{1}] (g - a) / k_{1} k_{2}$
C) $[(k_{2} - k_{1}) m_{2} + k_{2} m_{1}] (g + a) / k_{1} k_{2}$
D) $[(k_{2} + k_{1}) m_{2} + k_{2} m_{1}] (g + a) / k_{1} k_{2} - 2 ℓ$
E) $[(k_{2} - k_{1}) m_{2} + k_{2} m_{1}] (g + a) / k_{1} k_{2} + 2 ℓ$

ITA20121a faseQuestao 3InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia

As questões de 1 a 3 referem-se ao Texto 1. Texto 1 THURSDAY, DECEMBER 16, 2010. Newsweek Article: Bullying and Empathy (Kate Altman, M.S.) Newsweek offers an article on how schools are using empathy- training programs in an effort to reduce bullying in schools: http://www.newsweek.com/2010/12/15/can-schools-teach-kids- not-to-bully.html 1 The effective_____ of such programs is unclear at this point, and experts are divided on whether it makes more sense to offer the programs to young children (elementary school age) or older children (middle school age) (both, is probably the answer). High school kids 5 are simply difficult to reach logistically, since they all have different schedules all day. Unsurprisingly, some experts have found that the most important component to empathy training is to include the parents. In assessing these programs and the broader issues of 10 empathy-training and bullying, there are multiple factors to consider and no clear answers. First of all, empathy is one of the most difficult and least-understood skills we can develop - adults and kids alike. Empathy is the process of viewing and understanding the world through another's experience, and it is often confused with sympathy, 15 which is, essentially, compassion and lacks the "walking in another's shoes" component (which is not to say it is not an admirable trait, it's just different from empathy). Developmentally, children may not be able to truly understand and practice empathy until they are closer to the pre-teen years, but introducing the concept early and often is a 20 good primer for its later development. Another big question to consider: are programs focused on empathy simply band-aids on much larger, more systemic problems? Why are kids bullying other kids in the first place? What family issues, societal issues, educational issues, are contributing to the need/urge 25 to humiliate and attack other children for some sort of personal gain and satisfaction? My guess is that for many kids, participating in a brief (or even a few brief) empathy-skills seminars simply is not enough, and will not get at the root(s) of the problems(s), no matter how young they are when the programs begin. 30 I'm not saying that the programs are not a good idea. I imagine that they have a lot of benefits and could especially help kids who would not necessarily be bullies themselves, but may have quietly stood by while witnessing bullying, to become more confident about standing up to/reporting bullies. However, to truly reduce 35 bullying, society and schools need to find ways to identify and work with aggressive children and their families from a young age - to troubleshoot factors (from not having basic needs met, to divorce, to models of aggression in the home, etc.) that contribute to triggering aggressive behavior. Such an approach would be expensive and time- 40 consuming and would command a lot of schools' resources, but it is hard to imagine a more lightweight approach being nearly as effective. Segundo o texto,

A)é difícil incluir os alunos de ensino médio nos empathy training programs, por serem mais velhos e demandarem uma abordagem diferenciada.
B)o componente mais importante na empatia é a relação familiar.
C)simpatia está estritamente relacionada à empatia.
D)é inútil trabalhar o conceito de empatia anteriormente à pré-adolescência.
E)há, provavelmente, fatores mais determinantes para a prática de bullying do que a falta de empatia.

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