Uma amostra das questões. Crie uma conta para resolver todas com correção e comentário.
IME20241a faseQuestao 23InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaText 1 — Why we should eat less meat
Eating less meat is good for the planet, good (21)____ animals, and good for (22)____ health. It's not all or (23)____. While adopting a vegan or vegetarian diet is commendable, it (24)____ not be possible for everyone.
The current demand for animal protein (meat, dairy, and eggs) is unsustainable. It enforces the (25)____ for intensive farming methods, (26)____ animals are inhumanely caged in small spaces that restrict their natural behaviours, selectively bred to grow (27)____ and pumped full of antibiotics unnecessarily.
Of the 70+ billion animals farmed globally (28)____ year, an estimated 50 billion of them will spend their entire lives on these factory farms where (29)____ like commodities.
A substantial reduction in animal protein consumption across the globe (30)____ free up land and other resources, making room for higher welfare, more sustainable production systems, that would benefit both the animals and humans.
Factory farming fuels climate change, pollutes landscapes and waterways, and wastefully uses precious resources. Animal agriculture is estimated to account for nearly 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions, (31)____ more than all the cars, planes, and other forms of transport put together.
Decreasing the demand for animal products will help conserve water, save vital habitats, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help conserve our Earth. Industrial animal agriculture is the (32)____ largest driver of habitat loss and deforestation worldwide.
Adapted from: World Animal Protection.
———
Escolha a opção que completa corretamente a lacuna (23) do Texto 1.
- A)nothing
- B)none
- C)anything
- D)everything
- E)never
IME20241a faseQuestao 25InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaText 1 — Why we should eat less meat
Eating less meat is good for the planet, good (21)____ animals, and good for (22)____ health. It's not all or (23)____. While adopting a vegan or vegetarian diet is commendable, it (24)____ not be possible for everyone.
The current demand for animal protein (meat, dairy, and eggs) is unsustainable. It enforces the (25)____ for intensive farming methods, (26)____ animals are inhumanely caged in small spaces that restrict their natural behaviours, selectively bred to grow (27)____ and pumped full of antibiotics unnecessarily.
Of the 70+ billion animals farmed globally (28)____ year, an estimated 50 billion of them will spend their entire lives on these factory farms where (29)____ like commodities.
A substantial reduction in animal protein consumption across the globe (30)____ free up land and other resources, making room for higher welfare, more sustainable production systems, that would benefit both the animals and humans.
Factory farming fuels climate change, pollutes landscapes and waterways, and wastefully uses precious resources. Animal agriculture is estimated to account for nearly 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions, (31)____ more than all the cars, planes, and other forms of transport put together.
Decreasing the demand for animal products will help conserve water, save vital habitats, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help conserve our Earth. Industrial animal agriculture is the (32)____ largest driver of habitat loss and deforestation worldwide.
Adapted from: World Animal Protection.
———
Escolha a opção que completa corretamente a lacuna (25) do Texto 1.
- A)apply
- B)help
- C)need
- D)chase
- E)rise
IME20241a faseQuestao 31InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaText 1 — Why we should eat less meat
Eating less meat is good for the planet, good (21)____ animals, and good for (22)____ health. It's not all or (23)____. While adopting a vegan or vegetarian diet is commendable, it (24)____ not be possible for everyone.
The current demand for animal protein (meat, dairy, and eggs) is unsustainable. It enforces the (25)____ for intensive farming methods, (26)____ animals are inhumanely caged in small spaces that restrict their natural behaviours, selectively bred to grow (27)____ and pumped full of antibiotics unnecessarily.
Of the 70+ billion animals farmed globally (28)____ year, an estimated 50 billion of them will spend their entire lives on these factory farms where (29)____ like commodities.
A substantial reduction in animal protein consumption across the globe (30)____ free up land and other resources, making room for higher welfare, more sustainable production systems, that would benefit both the animals and humans.
Factory farming fuels climate change, pollutes landscapes and waterways, and wastefully uses precious resources. Animal agriculture is estimated to account for nearly 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions, (31)____ more than all the cars, planes, and other forms of transport put together.
Decreasing the demand for animal products will help conserve water, save vital habitats, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help conserve our Earth. Industrial animal agriculture is the (32)____ largest driver of habitat loss and deforestation worldwide.
Adapted from: World Animal Protection.
———
Escolha a opção que completa corretamente a lacuna (31) do Texto 1.
- A)in addition
- B)away
- C)even
- D)by
- E)yet
IME20241a faseQuestao 36InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaText 2 — The climate is changing — the thing is, it isn't just due to humans (by Tonya T. Neaves)
Natural forces beyond human control are also gradually affecting our climate. These geophysical forces are vital to understanding global warming. Man is indeed responsible for a large portion — possibly even a majority — of global warming. But also in play are complex gravitational interactions, including changes in the Earth's orbit, axial tilt and torque. This fact needs to be included in the public debate. Because these gravitational shifts, occurring over millennia, can influence climate patterns and ultimately lead to noticeable variations in seasons.
Interestingly, research suggests climate change can alter the tilt of the Earth, but an unrelated change in tilt can also further change the climate. It is a balance-counterbalance relationship. Changes in seasons can also affect other types of storms, including severe winter snowstorms and tornadoes. The variations in the Earth's orbit are known as the Milankovitch cycles — after the Serbian geophysicist Milutin Milanković, who hypothesized this phenomenon in the 1920s. He discovered that variations in the Earth's path around the Sun, axial tilt and torque could together affect our climate. Even a slight change or orientation in the precession of the Earth's rotating body can cause a wobbling effect shifting torque in different areas since the planet is not a perfect sphere to some people's surprise.
Now would seem a particularly apt time to act. The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season was an intense, record-setting period, with several landfall hurricanes barreling their way through the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, devastating parts of the Leeward Islands and United States. Still, even President Donald J. Trump has implied the whole idea of climate change may just be a hoax. Most Republicans seem to agree that it is not a serious problem. Meanwhile, while some Democrats have tried to use the frequency and intensity of storms in the hopes of highlighting the climate change conversation, even this effort has seemed muted. The heightened culture of disaster only feeds our attention on political banter and ideological semantics with no room for informed decision-making. Though climate change is inevitable, we also need to have a healthy appreciation of the fact that climate shifts aren't just limited to rapidly changing weather patterns. Turning the corner into unexplored territory is always difficult. By having a broader sense of communal resiliency — social, political and economic standing — we can manage this unavoidable pendulum of climate extremes.
Adapted from: THINK — Opinion, Analysis, Essays (NBC News).
———
Choose the option that best represents the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence below:
"Even a slight change or orientation in the precession of the Earth's rotating body can cause a WOBBLING effect shifting torque in different areas since the planet is not a perfect sphere to some people's surprise." (Text 2)
- A)huge
- B)unlike
- C)devastating
- D)shaking
- E)relevant
IME20231a faseQuestao 36InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaOverview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications
Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L
Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing.
It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market.
In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufacturing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry.
Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology.
Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the growing demands of society.
The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity.
In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product.
The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available.
It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM).
As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut).
Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods.
Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication.
It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height.
This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply.
By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods.
The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders.
Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at:<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630 47> [Accessed on 10th March 2022].
The meaning of the underlined word "disruptive" in the sentence "An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology." is:
- A)troublesome;
- B)spin-off;
- C)breakthrough;
- D)turbulent;
- E)refractory.
IME20231a faseQuestao 38InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacilOverview of current additive manufacturing technologies and selected applications
Horn, T..J. e Harrysson, O.L
Three-dimensional printing or rapid prototyping are processes by which components are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. These technologies have traditionally been limited to the fabrication of models suitable for product visualization but, over the past decade, have quickly developed into a new paradigm called additive manufacturing.
It remains to be seen what the long term implications of additive manufacturing will be. In many regards, it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall. That small segment is growing quickly but the future is by no means certain. Scarcely a quarter century has passed since the first stereolithography systems for rapid prototyping appeared on the market.
In that short time, additive manufacturing has not only become relatively common place in science, academia, and industry, but it has also evolved from a method to quickly produce visual models into a new manufacturing paradigm. In the past two decades, revenues associated with products and services show that additive manufacturing has grown into a multi-billion dollar industry.
Additive manufacturing has the potential to radically change the way in which many products are made and distributed. Throughout history, key innovations in manufacturing technology have had a profound impact on our society and our culture. An examination of the applications and technologies suggest that additive manufacturing may become a truly disruptive technology.
Prior to the industrial revolution goods were typically produced by skilled artisans and were often tailored to satisfy a specific, individual demand. While this approach may have had many inherent advantages to the consumer (i.e. high quality, custom parts on demand) it is doubtful that system could have persisted under the growing demands of society.
The invention of the first machine tools (that is tools capable of precisely controlling the relative motion between a tool and a work piece) along with advances in fixturing and metrology facilitated the manufacture of interchangeable parts which, in turn, supported the development of the mass production system. The model of mass production also has many clear advantages to both the producers and the consumers of products, including; high throughput, high quality and product consistency at a low unit cost. This, of course, comes at the cost of reduced product diversity.
In the last century, the means by which many goods are manufactured has been radically enhanced by computer controlled machinery and automation. However, in general, the basic methods and materials are quite similar to those used at the turn of the 19th century. Bulk materials must still be either cut, formed, or molded in order to fabricate value-added products. In fact, a large portion of the products that we consume or use at the present time are manufactured using processes like forming, injection molding, casting, extrusion, stamping, and machining. Each one of these processes requires some form of tooling (mold, die, flask, stamp, fixture, etc.). For instance, if we consider casting an exhaust manifold in steel we must first design and fabricate a sand or investment mold with the negative shape of the final part. A metal stamped part, as simple as a washer, requires a die and a large stamping press in order to be produced. A simple plastic cover for a smart phone requires an injection mold that may cost thousands of dollars and an injection molding machine that may costs hundreds of thousands to millions of dollars. The cost and time dedicated to the design and fabrication of tooling that supports mass production represents a significant percentage of the total cost of a product.
The natural result of high tooling costs is that within a given mass production system there is an inverse relationship between the quantity of a product that is produced and the variety of product designs available.
It is necessary that we recognize that production tooling is not only expensive, but it also constrains the design of products based on innate limitations imposed by the various mass production processes. This is a widely studied area of manufacturing known as design for manufacture (DFM).
As a brief example, consider a plastic injection molded part. One of the key limitations is that the mold must provide for the easy removal of the part. This means that the part must have slightly outward sloping surfaces (called positive draft), as inward sloping surfaces would essentially lock the part to the mold like a dovetail making it impossible to remove. Further, the injection mold itself must be precisely machined, ground, and polished from a block of metal, and the processes that are used to do that, like milling with a cutting tool, also have similar limitations (i.e. the cutting tool must be able to access the feature that will be cut).
Increasing the complexity of the part to better serve a given function can drive up the cost of the tooling required for producing it and, in many cases, the optimal design for a given purpose is impossible to produce using traditional mass production methods.
Additive manufacturing represents a fundamentally new method of part fabrication.
It is the process of fabricating components directly from 3D computer models by selectively depositing, curing, or consolidating materials one layer upon the next. Each layer represents the cross-sectional geometry of the part at a given height.
This is a stark contrast to traditional manufacturing processes like forming, casting, and machining because tooling is not required to produce a part. The freeform nature of additive manufacturing is therefore changing the way we look at traditional DFM constraints. In many cases the traditional constraints no longer apply.
By building parts additively, in layers, components can be manufactured with extremely complex geometries, such as internal channels, undercut features, or engineered lattice structures with controlled and/or variable porosity. These are features that are extremely difficult or impossible to produce with traditional methods.
The implication of this is quite simple to recognize but at the same time has a profound result. Removing the need for tooling facilitates the economical production of small lot sizes of parts (as low as one) without sacrificing interchangeability, thereby reducing the lead time for production (because the tools do not need to be produced), allowing flexibility in the supply chain and the production location (parts can be made where and when they are demanded), and raising the possibility of transitioning from a system of mass production to one off mass customization. It also means that design changes incur much less cost in production so products can potentially be customized to conform to the needs of the individual consumer. In many ways this concept goes far beyond the definition of most existing mass customization models in which mass produced components are fabricated and then assembled on demand to specific customer orders.
Adapted from: Sage Journals. Available at:<https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3184/003685012X134209844630 47> [Accessed on 10th March 2022].
The meaning of the underlined word "infancy" in the sentence "it is a technology that is still in its infancy and it represents a very small segment of manufacturing overall." is:
- A)childhood;
- B)beginning;
- C)youth;
- D)origin;
- E)opening.
IME20211a faseQuestao 34InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasDificilPARA AS QUESTOES DE 31 A 36, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM O TEXTO 2.
Text 2
COVID-19's impact on mobile robotics growth
Gregory Hale
(...) 'Automating disinfection is a key part of maintaining health and safety and could be one of the major bright spots in the response to COVID-19,' Whitton said. Drones have also been deployed to enforce curfews and surveil areas for security purposes. (...)
Available at: isssource.com
Choose the option that presents the definition of the word 'curfews' as in 'Drones have also been deployed to enforce curfews and surveil areas for security purposes'.
- A)cooperation to help watch crimes for a particular reason during some time
- B)old laws which stop being followed in the aftermath of violent events
- C)specific masks during certain sanitary circumstances after a disease breaks out
- D)a rule requiring many or all people to stay home between specified hours
- E)general city rioting after organized warfare for a short period
IME20211a faseQuestao 40InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasDificilPARA AS QUESTOES DE 37 A 40, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COM OS TEXTOS 3 E 4.
Text 3
Mathematical Modeling of Epidemic Diseases; A Case Study of the COVID-19 Coronavirus
Reza Sameni
(...) Therefore, this research - and similar ones - that address epidemic patterns do not convey direct clinical information and dangers for the public, but they should rather be used by healthcare strategists for better planning and decision making. (...)
Choose the option in which the meaning of to convey is the same as in '(...) Therefore, this research - and similar ones - that address epidemic patterns do not convey direct clinical information and dangers for the public, (...)'. (Text 3).
- A)'For the past 30 years, developers of multi-family properties have been able to subdivide their property into individual units which could be conveyed to third parties without the need to obtain subdivision approval.'
- B)'The Transmission Lines carry electricity over extended distances, from the generating facility to different areas where they're needed. The electricity in transmission lines is conveyed at voltages of above 200 kV to amplify efficiency.'
- C)'The Atlantic and its marginal seas have been used as oceanic highways to convey goods and passengers since humans first ventured onto the sea. The earliest records of extensive trading networks in the world are from the Egyptian, Phoenician, Greek, and Roman civilizations.'
- D)'We came to the conclusion, We Want to Play, their message might have been conveyed differently but at the end of the day the message wasn't too far off from what Big Ten United wanted to promote,' Reynolds said.'
- E)'The great difficulty to be overcome was the badness of the air, which got worse as the mountain was penetrated deeply. The blasting occasioned vast accumulations of foul air, which hung in the workings by reason of the gradients ascending from the Italian side. However, pure air was conveyed by the compressing apparatus in sufficient quantities to sustain the workmen.'
IME20201a faseQuestao 32InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasDificilTexto 2 — HALF A CENTURY AGO, THE MOON LANDING SHOWED US THE FRAGILITY OF OUR PLANET, AND THAT NOTHING WAS IMPOSSIBLE (Dr Dame Sue Ion)
“Fifty years ago, the Apollo 11 space mission took its place in global history.
I remember watching the Apollo 11 moon landing. It was an amazing achievement, enabled by a brilliant team of engineers, scientists and technicians at Nasa. I was still at school, and we were utterly awed by the engineering and ingenuity that made it happen. [...]
Today, half a century later, it’s important to remember how crucial the inspiration of that one small step was to a new generation of engineers around the world – it would underpin so many of the innovations we take for granted today.
Here in the UK, a “new Britain” was being forged in the “white heat” of technology. The MacRobert Award for Engineering Innovation was presented for the first time in 1969. Established by the MacRobert Trust, the medal features a man leaping for the moon to commemorate the lunar landing, and the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria – commercial success, societal benefit, and true innovation.
In a year that saw Americans on the moon, ____(33)____. They announced joint winners: a team from Freeman, Fox and Partners for the aerodynamic deck design of the Severn Bridge – later used for long-span bridges all over the world – and a team from Rolls-Royce for the Pegasus engine that powered the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing aircraft.
Since 1969, the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts, including the CT scanner in 1972, the first bionic hand in 2008 and Raspberry Pi, the world’s most affordable computer, in 2017.”
———
An equivalent meaning for the word "meet" in the sentence "[...] the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria [...]" is found in:
- A)He was about to meet this type of problem for the first time.
- B)The line where the sky seems to meet the Earth is the horizon.
- C)They had to meet with their advisers to think of a new plan.
- D)She will try to meet some requirements to be able to work there.
- E)His company is going to meet all the expenses of this trip.
IME20201a faseQuestao 34InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasDificilTexto 2 — HALF A CENTURY AGO, THE MOON LANDING SHOWED US THE FRAGILITY OF OUR PLANET, AND THAT NOTHING WAS IMPOSSIBLE (Dr Dame Sue Ion)
“Fifty years ago, the Apollo 11 space mission took its place in global history.
I remember watching the Apollo 11 moon landing. It was an amazing achievement, enabled by a brilliant team of engineers, scientists and technicians at Nasa. I was still at school, and we were utterly awed by the engineering and ingenuity that made it happen. [...]
Today, half a century later, it’s important to remember how crucial the inspiration of that one small step was to a new generation of engineers around the world – it would underpin so many of the innovations we take for granted today.
Here in the UK, a “new Britain” was being forged in the “white heat” of technology. The MacRobert Award for Engineering Innovation was presented for the first time in 1969. Established by the MacRobert Trust, the medal features a man leaping for the moon to commemorate the lunar landing, and the £50,000 prize recognises those that meet three key criteria – commercial success, societal benefit, and true innovation.
In a year that saw Americans on the moon, ____(33)____. They announced joint winners: a team from Freeman, Fox and Partners for the aerodynamic deck design of the Severn Bridge – later used for long-span bridges all over the world – and a team from Rolls-Royce for the Pegasus engine that powered the Harrier, the world’s first vertical take-off and landing aircraft.
Since 1969, the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts, including the CT scanner in 1972, the first bionic hand in 2008 and Raspberry Pi, the world’s most affordable computer, in 2017.”
———
The meaning of the word "host" in the sentence "the global influence of winning British innovations has been maintained, with a host of world firsts" is
- A)parade.
- B)guest.
- C)plethora.
- D)separation.
- E)void.
IME20201a faseQuestao 35InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasDificilTexto 3 — SCIENCE AND HOPE (Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World)
I was a child in a time of hope. I wanted to be a scientist from my earliest school days. The crystallizing moment came when I first caught on that the stars are mighty suns, when it first dawned on me how staggeringly far away they must be to appear as mere points of light in the sky. I'm not sure I even knew the meaning of the word 'science' then, but I wanted somehow to immerse myself in all that grandeur. I was gripped by the splendour of the Universe, transfixed by the prospect of understanding how things really work, of helping to uncover deep mysteries, of exploring new worlds - maybe even literally. It has been my good fortune to have had that dream in part fulfilled. For me, the romance of science remains as appealing and new as it was on that day, more than half a century ago, when I was shown the wonders of the 1939 World's Fair.
Popularizing science - trying to make its methods and findings accessible to non-scientists - then follows naturally and immediately. Not explaining science seems to me perverse. When you're in love, you want to tell the world. This book is a personal statement, reflecting my lifelong love affair with science.
But there's another reason: science is more than a body of knowledge; it is a way of thinking.
———
Choose the option that could replace the expression "crystallizing moment" in the sentence "The crystallizing moment came when I first caught on that the stars are mighty suns" without changing its meaning.
- A)achievement
- B)milestone
- C)sprawl
- D)edge
- E)swerve
IME20191a faseQuestao 35InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaTexto 3
THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN—NEW INSIGHTS AFTER MORE THAN 75 YEARS OF
CLINICAL USE
ABSTRACT
After just over 75 years of penicillin’s clinical use, the world can see that its impact was
immediate and profound. In 1928, a chance event in Alexander Fleming’s London laboratory
changed the course of medicine. However, the purification and first clinical use of penicillin would
take more than a decade. Unprecedented United States/Great Britain cooperation to produce
penicillin was incredibly successful by 1943. This success overshadowed efforts to produce
penicillin during World War II in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands. Information about these
efforts, available only in the last 10–15 years, provides new insights into the story of the first
antibiotic. Researchers in the Netherlands produced penicillin using their own production methods
and marketed it in 1946, which eventually increased the penicillin supply and decreased the price.
The unusual serendipity involved in the discovery of penicillin demonstrates the difficulties in
finding new antibiotics and should remind health professionals to expertly manage these
extraordinary medicines.
———
The meaning of the word “serendipity” in the sentence: “The unusual serendipity involved in the discovery of penicillin demonstrates the difficulties in finding new antibiotics (...)” is:
- A)strategy.
- B)fluke.
- C)nuisance.
- D)plan.
- E)mishap.