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Vocabulário e Gramática · ITA

Vocabulário e Gramática: questões do ITA

21 questões de Vocabulário e Gramática (Inglês) no ITA (2011–2019). Treine de graça com correção e comentário.

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Questões de Vocabulário e Gramática no ITA

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ITA20191a faseQuestao 29InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaMedia
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. […] A picture of Brighton beach in 1976, featured in the Guardian a few weeks ago, appeared to show an alien race. Almost everyone was slim. I mentioned it on social media, then went on holiday. When I returned, I found that people were still debating it. The heated discussion prompted me to read more. How have we grown so fat, so fast? To my astonishment, almost every explanation proposed in the thread turned out to be untrue. […] The obvious explanation, many on social media insisted, is that we’re eating more. […] So here’s the first big surprise: we ate more in 1976. According to government figures, we currently consume an average of 2,130 kilocalories a day, a figure that appears to include sweets and alcohol. But in 1976, we consumed 2,280 kcal excluding alcohol and sweets, or 2,590 kcal when they’re included. I have found no reason to disbelieve the figures. […] So what has happened? The light begins to dawn when you look at the nutrition figures in more detail. Yes, we ate more in 1976, but differently. Today, we buy half as much fresh milk per person, but five times more yoghurt, three times more ice cream and – wait for it – 39 times as many dairy desserts. We buy half as many eggs as in 1976, but a third more breakfast cereals and twice the cereal snacks; half the total potatoes, but three times the crisps. While our direct purchases of sugar have sharply declined, the sugar we consume in drinks and confectionery is likely to have rocketed (there are purchase numbers only from 1992, at which point they were rising rapidly. Perhaps, as we consumed just 9kcal a day in the form of drinks in 1976, no one thought the numbers were worth collecting.) In other words, the opportunities to load our food with sugar have boomed. As some experts have long proposed, this seems to be the issue. The shift has not happened by accident. As Jacques Peretti argued in his film The Men Who Made Us Fat, food companies have invested heavily in designing products that use sugar to bypass our natural appetite control mechanisms, and in packaging and promoting these products to break down what remains of our defenses, including through the use of subliminal scents. They employ an army of food scientists and psychologists to trick us into eating more than we need, while their advertisers use the latest findings in neuroscience to overcome our resistance. They hire biddable scientists and thinktanks to confuse us about the causes of obesity. Above all, just as the tobacco companies did with smoking, they promote the idea that weight is a question of “personal responsibility”. After spending billions on overriding our willpower, they blame us for failing to exercise it. To judge by the debate the 1976 photograph triggered, it works. “There are no excuses. Take responsibility for your own lives, people!” “No one force feeds you junk food, it’s personal choice. We’re not lemmings.” “Sometimes I think having free healthcare is a mistake. It’s everyone’s right to be lazy and fat because there is a sense of entitlement about getting fixed.” The thrill of disapproval chimes disastrously with industry propaganda. We delight in blaming the victims. More alarmingly, according to a paper in the Lancet, more than 90% of policymakers believe that “personal motivation” is “a strong or very strong influence on the rise of obesity”. Such people propose no mechanism by which the 61% of English people who are overweight or obese have lost their willpower. But this improbable explanation seems immune to evidence. Perhaps this is because obesophobia is often a fatly-disguised form of snobbery. In most rich nations, obesity rates are much higher at the bottom of the socioeconomic scale. They correlate strongly with inequality, which helps to explain why the UK’s incidence is greater than in most European and OECD nations. The scientific literature shows how the lower spending power, stress, anxiety and depression associated with low social status makes people more vulnerable to bad diets. Just as jobless people are blamed for structural unemployment, and indebted people are blamed for impossible housing costs, fat people are blamed for a societal problem. But yes, willpower needs to be exercised – by governments. Yes, we need personal responsibility – on the part of policymakers. And yes, control needs to be exerted – over those who have discovered our weaknesses and ruthlessly exploit them. Adaptado de: <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/aug/15/age-of-obesity-shaming-overweight-people/>. Acesso em: ago. 2018. Assinale a alternativa que pode substituir ‘as’ na sentença “As Jacques Peretti argued in his film The Men Who Made Us Fat, food companies have invested heavily in designing products [...]” (linhas 19-20), mantendo o mesmo sentido do texto e a correção gramatical.
  1. A)In line with what
  2. B)In contempt of
  3. C)During the time
  4. D)Considering that
  5. E)Despite the fact that
ITA20191a faseQuestao 32InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaMedia
Leia a tirinha a seguir para responder à questão. No contexto da tirinha, todas as palavras pertencem à mesma classe gramatical, EXCETO:
Imagens anexadas
  1. A)lies
  2. B)testing
  3. C)shows
  4. D)clicks
  5. E)likes
ITA20191a faseQuestao 35InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaMedia
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. A palavra ou expressão sublinhada na primeira coluna pode ser substituída pela palavra ou expressão na segunda coluna em todas as opções, mantendo o mesmo sentido, EXCETO em:
Imagens anexadas
  1. A)The watchdog algorithms can be like open-source software [...] → guardian
  2. B)[...] and analyze for “off the rails” behaviors [...] → illegal
  3. C)[...] before bad regulations get enacted [...] → are sanctioned
  4. D)We have a chance right now to tee up AI [...] → organize
  5. E)To unleash it in a positive direction [...] → restrain
ITA20191a faseQuestao 36InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaDificil
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. Observe o uso da palavra ‘so’ nas frases abaixo. I. [...] and help guide AI so it benefits society [...] (linha 8) II. Regulators helped make it so difficult to develop [...] (linhas 9 e 10) III. So, while we need a Federal Artificial Intelligence Agency, or FAIA [...] (linhas 10 e 11) Assinale a alternativa que explica, respectivamente, o uso de ‘so’.
Imagens anexadas
  1. A)Para expressar propósito, como intensificador, para sintetizar ideias anteriores.
  2. B)Para expressar resultado, para indicar tamanho ou extensão, para substituir uma oração.
  3. C)Para introduzir uma decisão, como advérbio de modo, com sentido de ‘até o momento’.
  4. D)Para indicar confirmação, para expressar efeito, como conjunção adversativa.
  5. E)Para indicar inclusão, como preposição, para indicar a relevância do que será expresso.
ITA20181a faseQuestao 5InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaDificil
As questões de 1 a 6 referem-se ao texto a seguir: GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. 1 Let me tell you a bit about myself. I'm 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an 2 editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I 3 lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. The rent is cheaper, but 4 the move pretty much wiped out my savings. 5 Some of you may think that I'm a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would 6 have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly don't care 7 about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: I'm perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got 8 rid of most of my material possessions. 9 Minimalism is a lifestyle in which you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only 10 the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the 11 simple ease of cleaning, it has also led to a more fundamental shift. It's given me a chance to think about 12 what it really means to be happy. 13 We think that the more we have, the happier we will be. We never know what tomorrow might bring, so 14 we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging 15 people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you 16 don't miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And 17 so it goes. 18 So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which I'd had for years. And yet now I live each day with a 19 happier spirit. I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. 20 I wasn't always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would 21 increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldn't throw 22 anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. 23 At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better 24 things, which often made me miserable. I couldn't focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol 25 was my escape, and I didn't treat women fairly. I didn't try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I 26 was, and I deserved to be unhappy. 27 My apartment wasn't horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do 28 enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked 29 everywhere because there wasn't enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or 30 twice, thinking that I would read them when I had the time. 31 The closet was crammed with what used to be my favourite clothes, most of which I'd only worn a few 32 times. The room was filled with all the things I'd taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and 33 amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks I'd planned to study once I had more free 34 time. Even a fabulous antique camera, which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 35 It may sound as if I'm exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to 36 me: "All you did is throw things away," which is true. But by having fewer things around, I've started feeling 37 happier each day. I'm slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. 38 If you are anything like I used to be ­ miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just 39 believing your life sucks ­ I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [...] Everyone wants 40 to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. ——— As palavras sublinhadas nos excertos da coluna I foram utilizadas tendo os referentes respectivamente indicados na coluna II. Coluna I — Coluna II I. ...it has also led to a more fundamental shift. (linha 11) — living with only the bare essentials II. ...which often made me miserable. (linha 24) — other people who had more or better things III. ...I would read them when I had the time. (linha 30) — my bookshelves IV. ...which of course I had never once ... (linha 34) — a fabulous antique camera Estão corretas
  1. A)I, II e III.
  2. B)I e III.
  3. C)I e IV.
  4. D)II, III e IV.
  5. E)todas.
ITA20181a faseQuestao 11InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaDificil
As questões de 7 a 12 referem-se ao texto a seguir: WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS 1 When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the 2 entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding 3 and why.[...] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and 4 were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: 5 The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences 6 have very real consequences for those seeking funding -- and for society in general. 7 [...] Worldwide, government venture capital is important for bridging significant financial gaps and 8 supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is 9 high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the 10 entrepreneur's potential becomes highly central in government VCs' decision making. 11 In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, although they are not granted 12 a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less -- 13 only 13%­18%, the rest going to male-owned companies. 14 This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to silently observe 15 governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about 16 entrepreneurs applying for funding. [...] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final 17 funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 18 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included 19 seven individuals: two women and five men. [...] 20 Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as 21 having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their 22 credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge. 23 Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men 24 that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being 25 assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks. 26 We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings [...]. These personas 27 highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men 28 were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was 29 diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was 30 viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being 31 viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while women's experience and excitement were tempered by discussions 32 of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender 33 of the entrepreneur. 34 Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in who got funding and who didn't. 35 Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas men 36 received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent 37 than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. [...] 38 Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major 39 consequences. Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth 40 and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isn't being invested in 41 businesses that have the highest potential. This isn't only damaging for women entrepreneurs; it's potentially 42 damaging for society as a whole. ——— A expressão sublinhada na primeira coluna pode ser substituída pela expressão na segunda coluna em todas as opções, EXCETO em
  1. A)Although they are not granted... (linha 11) — even though
  2. B)Aside from a few exceptions, (linha 20) — apart from
  3. C)Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, (linha 23) — likewise
  4. D)Whereas men received, on average, (linhas 35/36) — while
  5. E)Because the purpose of government venture capital is... (linha 39) — considering that
ITA20181a faseQuestao 16InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaDificil
As questões de 16 a 20 referem-se ao texto a seguir: AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS, FICTION AND CONTROVERSY 1 Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. __________(I) advances in 2 neural sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example 3 as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory, 4 motor and cognitive brain functions,__________(II) for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be 5 achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery,__________(III) 6 employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas. 7 In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain 8 augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular 9 neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from 10 neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The 11 work can be experimental or computational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are 12 __________(IV) welcome. 13 While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how 14 their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation. 15 16 Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and 17 journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide 18 an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. ——— Marque a opção que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas I, II, III e IV inseridas no texto.
  1. A)Due to, as well as, by, also
  2. B)Because, and, through, too
  3. C)Owing to, including, beyond, moreover
  4. D)In view of, plus, over, additionally
  5. E)Thanks to, together with, by way, likewise
ITA20181a faseQuestao 20InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaMedia
As questões de 16 a 20 referem-se ao texto a seguir: AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS, FICTION AND CONTROVERSY 1 Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. __________(I) advances in 2 neural sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example 3 as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory, 4 motor and cognitive brain functions,__________(II) for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be 5 achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery,__________(III) 6 employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas. 7 In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain 8 augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular 9 neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from 10 neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The 11 work can be experimental or computational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are 12 __________(IV) welcome. 13 While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how 14 their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation. 15 16 Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and 17 journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide 18 an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. ——— Marque a opção que indica a que it se refere no seguinte excerto: "...it has become a matter of reality..." (linha 2).
  1. A)advances in neural sciences
  2. B)treatment of a neurodegenerative disease
  3. C)some point in life
  4. D)science fiction
  5. E)augmentation of brain function
ITA20171a faseQuestao 10InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaMedia
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. INSIDE THE BILL GATES-BACKED ACCELERATOR THAT'S TRAINING THE NEXT GENERATION OF VENTURE CAPITALISTS Lauren Gensler, FORBES STAFF In an airy converted furniture store in Seattle's Pioneer Square neighborhood, five novice impact fund managers from Zimbabwe, Guatemala and the Netherlands are rehearsing the sales pitches they'll make the next day to 60 mostly institutional investors, representing USD 10 billion in capital. The presentations will be a graduation ceremony of sorts. Despite their impressive resumes, the five men have just completed a four-week boot camp covering everything from term sheets, accounting and mezzanine debt structures to dealing with corruption to defining and marketing their brands. They'll head home with golden contacts (investor cocktail hours were built into the packed schedule) and a commitment for up to USD 500,000 in seed capital from Capria Accelerator, a first-of-its-kind venture whose initial investors include Microsoft cofounder (and world's richest man) Bill Gates. One of those rehearsing is Patrick Makanza, 51, an M.B.A. and veteran of Unilever and Barclays Bank, who quit a cushy job at a top Zimbabwe private equity firm and launched Vakayi Capital. The first fund being formed by Vakayi (which means "to build") will back for-profit businesses providing essential services in Zimbabwe, which has per capita gross domestic product of about USD 1,000. That fund will make loans (with an option to convert some to equity) for an average of four years to small and medium-size businesses that want to expand and can't get adequate bank financing. Among potential investments: an eye clinic that's building a new operating room so it can double its daily procedures and bring down the cost of cataract surgery; an education microlender; and a builder of low-cost housing. The next day, in their presentation, Makanza and his Vakayi cofounder tackle head-on the tough issues they might be asked about, including Zimbabwe's endemic corruption, economic challenges and currency dramas–it squelched hyperinflation in 2009 by switching to foreign currencies, primarily the U.S. dollar. But in the question period Tracy Washington, principal investment officer for the International Finance Corp.'s global private equity funds, lobs a personal query at Makanza, a father of four who is partial to conservative business suits and golf. "With your resume", she asks, "why get involved with so risky an enterprise, and will you stick to it?" Makanza responds that he worked in venture capital back in the 1990s and came to miss the highs and lows of investing in early-stage entrepreneurs. "I still have at least ten years to do this. … It's a real roller-coaster lifestyle. But I enjoyed it, and I want to have more of that experience again." Impact investing – which aims to produce both financial and social or environmental returns – is in vogue. Big names in finance, from BlackRock to Goldman Sachs to Bank of America Merrill Lynch, have been piling in recently, seeing it as a way to appeal to the socially conscious Millennials now building and inheriting wealth. But this alternative asset class is still small – USD 77 billion invested worldwide, according to a new survey from the Global Impact Investing Network. To grow, it needs experienced, hands-on fund managers, and those are in short supply, particularly in areas with the greatest needs, such as sub-Saharan Africa. Marque a opção que substitui o trecho destacado, mantendo o mesmo sentido: "«Despite their impressive resumes», the five men have just completed a four-week boot camp covering everything from term sheets, [...]"
  1. A)Once they have impressive resumes,
  2. B)Besides they have impressive resumes,
  3. C)Since their impressive resumes,
  4. D)Because of their impressive resumes,
  5. E)Although they have impressive resumes,
ITA20151a faseQuestao 3InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaMedia
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. THE MAN IN THE CONVERTIBLE One morning, well after I was diagnosed with cancer, I got an email from Robbee Kosak, Carnegie Mellon’s vice president for advancement. She told me a story. She said she had been driving home from work the night before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible. It was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening, and the man had his top down and all his windows lowered. His arm was hanging over the driver’s side door, and his fingers were tapping along to the music on his radio. His head was bobbing along, too, as the wind blew through his hair. Robbee changed lanes and pulled a little closer. From the side, she could see that the man had a slight smile on his face, the kind of absentminded smile a person might have when he’s all alone, happy in his own thoughts. Robbee found herself thinking: “Wow, this is the epitome of a person appreciating this day and this moment.” The convertible eventually turned the corner, and that’s when Robbee got a look at the man’s full face. “Oh my God,” she said to herself. “It’s Randy Pausch!” She was so struck by the sight of me. She knew that my cancer diagnosis was grim. And yet, as she wrote in her email, she was moved by how contented I seemed. In this private moment, I was obviously in high spirits. Robbee wrote in her email: “You can never know how much that glimpse of you made my day, reminding me of what life is all about.” I read Robbee’s email several times. I came to look at it as a feedback loop of sorts. It has not always been easy to stay positive through my cancer treatment. When you have a dire medical issue, it’s tough to know how you’re really faring emotionally. I had wondered whether a part of me was acting when I was with other people. Maybe at times I forced myself to appear strong and upbeat. Many cancer patients feel obliged to put up a brave front. Was I doing that, too? But Robbee had come upon me in an unguarded moment. I’d like to think she saw me as I am. She certainly saw me as I was that evening. Her mail was just a paragraph, but it meant a great deal to me. She had given me a window into myself. I was still fully engaged. I still knew life was good. I was doing OK. Fonte: PAUSCH, R. The last lecture. New York, Hyperion, 2008. p.64-65. Assinale a oração que não contém expressão ou termo qualificador.
  1. A)It was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening... (linha 4)
  2. B)She was so struck by the sight of me. (linha 13)
  3. C)...she was moved by how contented I seemed. (linha 14)
  4. D)...I was obviously in high spirits. (linhas 14 e 15)
  5. E)She certainly saw me as I was that evening. (linhas 22 e 23)
ITA20151a faseQuestao 5InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaDificil
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. THE MAN IN THE CONVERTIBLE One morning, well after I was diagnosed with cancer, I got an email from Robbee Kosak, Carnegie Mellon’s vice president for advancement. She told me a story. She said she had been driving home from work the night before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible. It was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening, and the man had his top down and all his windows lowered. His arm was hanging over the driver’s side door, and his fingers were tapping along to the music on his radio. His head was bobbing along, too, as the wind blew through his hair. Robbee changed lanes and pulled a little closer. From the side, she could see that the man had a slight smile on his face, the kind of absentminded smile a person might have when he’s all alone, happy in his own thoughts. Robbee found herself thinking: “Wow, this is the epitome of a person appreciating this day and this moment.” The convertible eventually turned the corner, and that’s when Robbee got a look at the man’s full face. “Oh my God,” she said to herself. “It’s Randy Pausch!” She was so struck by the sight of me. She knew that my cancer diagnosis was grim. And yet, as she wrote in her email, she was moved by how contented I seemed. In this private moment, I was obviously in high spirits. Robbee wrote in her email: “You can never know how much that glimpse of you made my day, reminding me of what life is all about.” I read Robbee’s email several times. I came to look at it as a feedback loop of sorts. It has not always been easy to stay positive through my cancer treatment. When you have a dire medical issue, it’s tough to know how you’re really faring emotionally. I had wondered whether a part of me was acting when I was with other people. Maybe at times I forced myself to appear strong and upbeat. Many cancer patients feel obliged to put up a brave front. Was I doing that, too? But Robbee had come upon me in an unguarded moment. I’d like to think she saw me as I am. She certainly saw me as I was that evening. Her mail was just a paragraph, but it meant a great deal to me. She had given me a window into myself. I was still fully engaged. I still knew life was good. I was doing OK. Fonte: PAUSCH, R. The last lecture. New York, Hyperion, 2008. p.64-65. Com relação às escolhas lexicais do autor no texto, pode-se afirmar que
  1. A)em “Carnegie Mellon's vice president” (linhas 1 e 2), “the driver's side door” (linha 5), “the man's full face” (linha 11) e em “Robbee's email” (linha 17) o uso do 's indica caso possessivo.
  2. B)em “she found herself behind a man in a convertible” (linhas 3 e 4) e em “Robbee found herself thinking...” (linha 9), o verbo find pode ser substituído por realize sem prejudicar o sentido.
  3. C)em “as the wind blew through his hair” (linha 6), “...as she wrote in her email...” (linhas 13 e 14) e em “...as a feedback loop of sorts” (linha 17) os itens sublinhados podem ser substituídos por while sem prejudicar o sentido.
  4. D)absentminded (linha 8), feedback (linha 17) e engaged (linha 25) são empregados como substantivos.
  5. E)eventually (linha 11), obviously (linha 14), really (linha 19) e certainly (linha 23) indicam o mesmo tipo de advérbio.
ITA20151a faseQuestao 6InglêsVocabulário e GramáticaDificil
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão. THE MAN IN THE CONVERTIBLE One morning, well after I was diagnosed with cancer, I got an email from Robbee Kosak, Carnegie Mellon’s vice president for advancement. She told me a story. She said she had been driving home from work the night before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible. It was a warm, gorgeous, early-spring evening, and the man had his top down and all his windows lowered. His arm was hanging over the driver’s side door, and his fingers were tapping along to the music on his radio. His head was bobbing along, too, as the wind blew through his hair. Robbee changed lanes and pulled a little closer. From the side, she could see that the man had a slight smile on his face, the kind of absentminded smile a person might have when he’s all alone, happy in his own thoughts. Robbee found herself thinking: “Wow, this is the epitome of a person appreciating this day and this moment.” The convertible eventually turned the corner, and that’s when Robbee got a look at the man’s full face. “Oh my God,” she said to herself. “It’s Randy Pausch!” She was so struck by the sight of me. She knew that my cancer diagnosis was grim. And yet, as she wrote in her email, she was moved by how contented I seemed. In this private moment, I was obviously in high spirits. Robbee wrote in her email: “You can never know how much that glimpse of you made my day, reminding me of what life is all about.” I read Robbee’s email several times. I came to look at it as a feedback loop of sorts. It has not always been easy to stay positive through my cancer treatment. When you have a dire medical issue, it’s tough to know how you’re really faring emotionally. I had wondered whether a part of me was acting when I was with other people. Maybe at times I forced myself to appear strong and upbeat. Many cancer patients feel obliged to put up a brave front. Was I doing that, too? But Robbee had come upon me in an unguarded moment. I’d like to think she saw me as I am. She certainly saw me as I was that evening. Her mail was just a paragraph, but it meant a great deal to me. She had given me a window into myself. I was still fully engaged. I still knew life was good. I was doing OK. Fonte: PAUSCH, R. The last lecture. New York, Hyperion, 2008. p.64-65. Na frase “She said she had been driving home from work the night before, and she found herself behind a man in a convertible” (linhas 3 e 4), a formação correta quanto ao uso do discurso direto é:
  1. A)She said: “I was driving home from work last night, and I found myself behind a man in a convertible”.
  2. B)She said: “I had been driving home from work last night, and I found me behind a man in a convertible”.
  3. C)She said: “I drove home yesterday night from work, and I had found myself behind a man in a convertible”.
  4. D)She said: “I had driven home the night before, and I found myself behind a man in a convertible”.
  5. E)She said: “I was driving home from work yesterday, and I was finding myself behind a man in a convertible”.
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