Uma amostra das questões. Crie uma conta para resolver todas com correção e comentário.
ITA20261a faseQuestao 37InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaThe voluminous literature dealing with the idea of human progress is decidedly a mixed bag. While some of these writings are impressive and even inspiring, many of them are superficial, perhaps even ridiculous, in their reiteration (especially during the nineteenth century) of the comforting prospect that every day in every way we are growing better and better.
This kind of foolishness is manifested especially in discussions of such matters as economic, political, and moral progress, and of progress in art.[…]
From time to time, there seems to be real and measurable improvement in these areas. At other times the opposite seems equally to be the case. Thus the fervent belief of writers like the French sociophilosopher Auguste Comte in the inevitability of progress in all fields of human endeavor must be viewed as insupportable. We cannot accept it any longer, even if we once thought it was true.
Progress in human knowledge is another matter. Here it is possible to argue cogently that progress is in the nature of things. "Not only does each individual progress from day to day", wrote French philosopher, mathematician, and mystic Blaise Pascal, "but mankind as a whole constantly progresses… in proportion as the universe grows older." The essence of man as a rational being, as a later historian would put it, is that he develops his potential capacities by accumulating the experience of past generations.
Just as in our individual lives we learn more and more from day to day and from year to year because we remember some at least of what we have learned and add our new knowledge to it, so in the history of the race the collective memory retains at least some knowledge from the past to which is added every new discovery.
The memories of individuals fail and the persons die, but the memory of the race is eternal, or at least it can be expected to endure as long as human beings continue to write books and read them, or – which becomes more and more common – store up their knowledge in other mediums for the use of future generations.
(Fonte: VAN DOREN, Charles. A History of Knowledge. Past, Present and Future. New York: The Random House Publishing Group, 1991, p. XV-XVI.)
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The sentence which describes an idea which is NOT in the text is
- A)the inevitability of progress in human knowledge stems from humanity's ability to retain and build upon past learning.
- B)the preservation of knowledge through books and other media ensures the continuity of intellectual progress across generations.
- C)many writings on human progress overly romanticize the idea that humanity is constantly improving in all aspects.
- D)human knowledge inconsistently advances through accumulated experience and preserved collective memory.
- E)individual and humanity progress heighten as experience and knowledge are accumulated.
ITA20261a faseQuestao 40InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaThe decline of teenagers reading is an impact on education
If you are a teenager reading this story, you are in the minority. Statistics show that 80% of teenagers do not read for pleasure on a daily basis. It is no coincidence that the teenage reading rate has declined as technology and social media have taken over nearly all aspects of teenage life. With the downfall of teenage reading, may come the downfall of teenage education all together.
With technology taking over the world, teenagers have all the knowledge they need and more right at their fingertips. There is no reason for people to open up nonfiction books anymore when they can simply pull out their phones and find any information on any topic. The rise of technology has also dramatically affected the amount of fiction reading teenagers do as they would rather watch YouTube or keep up with their friends on Instagram than read an all-time classic like Harry Potter or Lord of the Rings.
Speaking of all-time great books, it seems like just about every bestseller has been turned into a movie that either gives the book a bad rap or receives great reviews and overshadows the book. Why would anyone read a book for days or even weeks when they can just watch the movie in one sitting?
Teenagers have also stopped reading because of the amount of homework they are given, including any school-assigned reading. When students are forced to read particular books in school that they may not be interested in, they begin to associate reading with work instead of pleasure or entertainment. Reading books also always seems to take longer when it is one you are not interested in, which is often the case with school-assigned books. No matter how boring teenagers find reading, its decline could have direct consequences for all teenagers and their education. Reading is a major part of school, and without the ability to read at a high-level students could find it impossible to learn anything at all. From history textbooks to English literature, reading is used in nearly every class of every school and is essential to getting a good education.
(Fonte: WHITAKER, Drew. The decline of teenagers reading is an impact on education. The Mirror, 15 dez. 2022.)
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
De acordo com as informações do texto, é CORRETO afirmar que
- A)a redução do tempo dedicado à leitura de fruição tem efeitos negativos na socialização entre os jovens.
- B)o incremento da tecnologia suscita a preocupação de especialistas em relação à aprendizagem dos jovens.
- C)a popularização das redes sociais bloqueia o lançamento de obras clássicas juvenis, como Harry Potter.
- D)a adaptação de obras de sucesso para as telas desencadeia o interesse dos jovens pela leitura dos originais.
- E)a alta demanda de lições de casa constitui a principal causa do desinteresse dos jovens pelos livros.
ITA20261a faseQuestao 41InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaThe decline of teenagers reading is an impact on education
If you are a teenager reading this story, you are in the minority. Statistics show that 80% of teenagers do not read for pleasure on a daily basis. It is no coincidence that the teenage reading rate has declined as technology and social media have taken over nearly all aspects of teenage life. With the downfall of teenage reading, may come the downfall of teenage education all together.
With technology taking over the world, teenagers have all the knowledge they need and more right at their fingertips. There is no reason for people to open up nonfiction books anymore when they can simply pull out their phones and find any information on any topic. The rise of technology has also dramatically affected the amount of fiction reading teenagers do as they would rather watch YouTube or keep up with their friends on Instagram than read an all-time classic like Harry Potter or Lord of the Rings.
Speaking of all-time great books, it seems like just about every bestseller has been turned into a movie that either gives the book a bad rap or receives great reviews and overshadows the book. Why would anyone read a book for days or even weeks when they can just watch the movie in one sitting?
Teenagers have also stopped reading because of the amount of homework they are given, including any school-assigned reading. When students are forced to read particular books in school that they may not be interested in, they begin to associate reading with work instead of pleasure or entertainment. Reading books also always seems to take longer when it is one you are not interested in, which is often the case with school-assigned books. No matter how boring teenagers find reading, its decline could have direct consequences for all teenagers and their education. Reading is a major part of school, and without the ability to read at a high-level students could find it impossible to learn anything at all. From history textbooks to English literature, reading is used in nearly every class of every school and is essential to getting a good education.
(Fonte: WHITAKER, Drew. The decline of teenagers reading is an impact on education. The Mirror, 15 dez. 2022.)
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Check the alternative that best rephrases the following sentence, without altering its meaning:
"Speaking of all-time great books, it seems like just about every bestseller has been turned into a movie that either gives the book a bad rap or receives great reviews and overshadows the book."
- A)Speaking of classic books, it appears that nearly every bestseller has been adapted into a movie that either tarnishes the book's image or receives rave reviews and outshines the book.
- B)Speaking of iconic books, it seems that almost every bestseller has been turned into a movie that either improves the book's reputation or gets stellar reviews and eclipses the book.
- C)Speaking of substandard books, it seems that nearly every bestseller has been made into a movie that either harms the book's reputation or earns enthusiastic reviews and surpasses the book.
- D)Speaking of timeless books, it appears that virtually every bestseller has been transformed into a movie that either damages the book's image or gets annoying reviews and brightens the book.
- E)Speaking of legendary books, it seems that just about every bestseller has been converted into a film that either spoils the book's reputation or gets glowing reviews and praises the book.
ITA20261a faseQuestao 42InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaBack To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans
Work has been easier for public high school teacher Brian Kerekes since last August, when he first experienced the impacts of a newly enacted Florida law to restrict students' cellphone use during class. The longtime statistics instructor, who started a new school year on Monday, now spends less time circling the classroom policing students and more time educating them on how to gather and interpret data.
Before Florida passed the ban in May 2023 - becoming the first of at least eight U.S. states to prohibit or restrict cellphone use in schools - phones proved a constant disruption in Kerekes' classroom at Tohopekaliga High School in the central Florida city of Kissimmee.
"Students were either using them to talk to someone in a different class or talk to someone on the other side of the room or just to zone out, get on TikTok or whatever," Kerekes, who's been a teacher for 17 years, said in an interview.
Fellow teachers nationwide face the same challenge, which explains why more states and districts are moving to limit or outright ban cellphones in the classroom, and even during the school day altogether. […]
The rules will look different from state to state and district to district, but all stem from the same concerns.
Seventy-two percent of high school teachers cite cellphones as a major distraction in the classroom, according to a fall 2023 Pew Research Center study. Educators also worry that constant access to social media can adversely impact kids' mental health. […]
U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy went so far as to issue a health advisory last year, warning that enough evidence exists to show social media can be unsafe for children and teens. "We are in the middle of a national youth mental health crisis," he said, "and I am concerned that social media is an important driver of that crisis, one that we must urgently address."
While social media can connect kids, make them feel less alone and offer an entertaining and creative outlet, it also exposes them to harmful content, Murthy pointed out in the advisory released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. And, as educators such as Kerekes note, some students use their phones to bully fellow students online during the school day, and in the most extreme cases, to set up fights and film them. The hope is that cellphone bans will reduce such incidents. Kerekes said he's hearing they have.
(Fonte: KATZ, Leslie. Back To School But Not To Screens: States Ramp Up Cellphone Bans. Forbes, 13 ago. 2024.)
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
De acordo com as informações presentes no texto, depreende-se que
- A)o uso de celulares nas escolas públicas foi proibido em todo o território americano desde 2023.
- B)a proibição do uso de celulares nas escolas prejudica a coleta e a interpretação de dados.
- C)a utilização dos celulares nas escolas tornou-se um problema limitado aos professores da Flórida.
- D)o uso indevido dos celulares contribuiu para a decisão de bani-los do ambiente escolar.
- E)as regras para a proibição do celular serão diferentes em cada localidade, mas provêm de preocupações distintas.
ITA20261a faseQuestao 46InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaThe problem with artificial intelligence? It's neither artificial, nor intelligent.
Elon Musk and Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak have recently signed a letter calling for a six-month moratorium on the development of AI systems. The goal is to give society time to adapt to what the signatories describe as an "AI summer", which they believe will ultimately benefit humanity, as long as the right guardrails are put in place. These guardrails include rigorously audited safety protocols.
It is a laudable goal, but there is an even better way to spend these six months: retiring the hackneyed label of "artificial intelligence" from public debate. […]
However, many critics have pointed out that intelligence is not just about pattern-matching. Equally important is the ability to draw generalisations. Marcel Duchamp's 1917 work of art Fountain is a prime example of this. Before Duchamp's piece, a urinal was just a urinal. But, with a change of perspective, Duchamp turned it into a work of art. At that moment, he was generalising about art. […]
Human intelligence is not one-dimensional. It rests on what the 20th-century Chilean psychoanalyst Ignacio Matte Blanco called bi-logic: a fusion of the static and timeless logic of formal reasoning and the contextual and highly dynamic logic of emotion. The former searches for differences; the latter is quick to erase them. Marcel Duchamp's mind knew that the urinal belonged in a bathroom; his heart didn't. Bi-logic explains how we regroup mundane things in novel and insightful ways. We all do this – not just Duchamp.
AI will never get there because machines cannot have a sense (rather than mere knowledge) of the past, the present and the future; of history, injury or nostalgia. Without that, there's no emotion, depriving bi-logic of one of its components. Thus, machines remain trapped in the singular formal logic. […]
But the reason why tools like ChatGPT can do anything even remotely creative is because their training sets were produced by actually existing humans, with their complex emotions, anxieties and all. If we want such creativity to persist, we should also be funding the production of art, fiction and history – not just data centres and machine learning.
That's not at all where things point now. The ultimate risk of not retiring terms such as "artificial intelligence" is that they will render the creative work of intelligence invisible, while making the world more predictable and dumb.
So, instead of spending six months auditing the algorithms while we wait for the "AI summer," we might as well go and reread Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. That will do so much more to increase the intelligence in our world.
(Fonte: MOROZOV, Evgeny. The problem with artificial intelligence? It's neither artificial nor intelligent. The Guardian, 30 mar. 2023.)
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Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The sentence that BEST summarizes the main idea of the text is
- A)Machines are unreliable because they cannot replicate emotion and contextual understanding.
- B)Society should retire the misleading label "artificial intelligence" and focus on nurturing human creativity.
- C)Human intelligence is multifaceted, combining logical reasoning with emotional insight, a balance that machines cannot achieve.
- D)Misleading terms like "artificial intelligence" make the world overly predictable and uninspired.
- E)AI systems rely on human-produced data for creativity alongside technological development.
ITA20251a faseQuestao 37InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 37 a 39.
"In recent years, no more than a week goes by without news of a cosmic discovery worthy of banner headlines. While media gatekeepers may have developed an interest in the universe, this rise in coverage likely comes from a genuine increase in the public's appetite for science. Evidence for this abounds, from hit television shows inspired or informed by science, to the success of science fiction films starring marquee actors, and brought to the screens by celebrated producers and directors. And lately, theatrical release biopics featuring important scientists have become a genre unto itself. There's also widespread interest around the world in science festivals, science fiction conventions, and documentaries for television.
The highest grossing film of all time is by a famous director who set his story on a planet orbiting a distant star. And it features a famous actress who plays an astrobiologist. While most branches of science have ascended in this era, the field of astrophysics persistently rises to the top. I think I know why. At one time or another every one of us has looked up at night sky and wondered: What does it all mean? How does it all work? And, what is my place in the universe? [. . .]"
Fonte: TYSON, Neil DeGrasse. Astrophysics for people in a hurry. W. W. Norton & Company, 2017.
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De acordo com as informações encontradas no texto, é CORRETO afirmar que
- A)recentemente, descobertas cósmicas que mereçam destaque nas manchetes dos jornais têm se tornado cada vez mais escassas, limitando-se a divulgações esporádicas.
- B)o aumento expressivo na cobertura de assuntos relacionados ao universo deve-se principalmente ao interesse crescente pelo tema por parte das pessoas que controlam a mídia.
- C)o incremento na produção de filmes, documentários e programas de televisão baseados na ciência comprova o aumento do apetite popular por temas ligados ao universo.
- D)nos últimos anos, importantes cientistas têm sido retratados em lançamentos teatrais como indivíduos voltados exclusivamente para si mesmos, preocupados apenas com suas trajetórias pessoais.
- E)o campo da astrofísica cresceu dado o cenário pessimista atual, em que se nota a preocupação humana com a transitoriedade e instabilidade da vida.
ITA20251a faseQuestao 40InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 40 a 42.
What links Sir Isaac Newton, alien solar systems, and a new multi-million dollar TV show? The answer is "the three-body problem": a conundrum in astronomy and mathematics that describes why it's often difficult to predict the long-term trajectory of planets, moons and stars. So, what exactly is the problem? And how did it end up becoming the title of a TV series?
To understand, you first need to know a bit about the background to the TV show, and its premise. The story is based on Liu Cixin's epic sci-fi trilogy, the Remembrance of Earth's Past, of which The Three-body Problem is the first book. The original trilogy is characterised by the author's attention to scientific detail. The adaptation is less so, but still crammed with scientific ideas.
The TV series focuses on the "Oxford Five", who all studied under the same professor at the University of Oxford. Some have gone on to become scientists themselves (a post-doctoral physics researcher, a founder and chief scientific officer of a nano-tech company, and a theoretical physics academic), one has become a school physics teacher, while the fifth is now a snack-food entrepreneur. Scientific credentials abound.
The crux of the story is that an alien race — called the Trisolarans or San-Ti Ren — is headed to Earth to colonise it. Through intergalactic communication, these travellers attempt to intimidate human scientists into slowing down our rapid technological advancement, making Earth easier to conquer. But why are these aliens so hell-bent on taking over our planet in the first place? This is where the three-body problem comes in.
Bodies, in this context, is a scientific byword for planets, moons, suns or any other massive astronomical object. The extraterrestrials' home planet is situated in a solar system with three suns, hence their name in the English translation of the book — the Trisolarans. This three-sun system can be highly unstable, making conditions difficult for life, hence the desire to travel across the Universe in order to inhabit our relatively stable Solar System. We only have one Sun, so Earth's future is relatively predictable — at least for the next few million years.
Fonte: YATES, Kit. What is the three-body problem? BBC, 2024. Adaptado.
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According to the text, "the three-body problem" in astronomy and mathematics can be described as
- A)the plot of an epic sci-fi trilogy characterised by the author's attention to scientific detail.
- B)a difficulty in foreseeing the way celestial bodies will behave while moving around in space into the future.
- C)a group meeting of former students at the University of Oxford, known as "The Oxford Five".
- D)a theory which describes the events that takes place in a distant galaxy with three suns.
- E)a theory on how to measure the distances between three celestial bodies.
ITA20251a faseQuestao 41InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 40 a 42.
What links Sir Isaac Newton, alien solar systems, and a new multi-million dollar TV show? The answer is "the three-body problem": a conundrum in astronomy and mathematics that describes why it's often difficult to predict the long-term trajectory of planets, moons and stars. So, what exactly is the problem? And how did it end up becoming the title of a TV series?
To understand, you first need to know a bit about the background to the TV show, and its premise. The story is based on Liu Cixin's epic sci-fi trilogy, the Remembrance of Earth's Past, of which The Three-body Problem is the first book. The original trilogy is characterised by the author's attention to scientific detail. The adaptation is less so, but still crammed with scientific ideas.
The TV series focuses on the "Oxford Five", who all studied under the same professor at the University of Oxford. Some have gone on to become scientists themselves (a post-doctoral physics researcher, a founder and chief scientific officer of a nano-tech company, and a theoretical physics academic), one has become a school physics teacher, while the fifth is now a snack-food entrepreneur. Scientific credentials abound.
The crux of the story is that an alien race — called the Trisolarans or San-Ti Ren — is headed to Earth to colonise it. Through intergalactic communication, these travellers attempt to intimidate human scientists into slowing down our rapid technological advancement, making Earth easier to conquer. But why are these aliens so hell-bent on taking over our planet in the first place? This is where the three-body problem comes in.
Bodies, in this context, is a scientific byword for planets, moons, suns or any other massive astronomical object. The extraterrestrials' home planet is situated in a solar system with three suns, hence their name in the English translation of the book — the Trisolarans. This three-sun system can be highly unstable, making conditions difficult for life, hence the desire to travel across the Universe in order to inhabit our relatively stable Solar System. We only have one Sun, so Earth's future is relatively predictable — at least for the next few million years.
Fonte: YATES, Kit. What is the three-body problem? BBC, 2024. Adaptado.
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According to the text, the TV series mentioned
- A)lacks scientific ideas in its screen adaptation.
- B)is based on the entire epic sci-fi trilogy, the Remembrance of Earth's Past.
- C)features an alien race who decide to come to Earth and support our rapid technological advancement.
- D)tells the story of a group of aliens that are determined to get control of the Earth.
- E)focuses on the lives of "The Oxford Five" who are not qualified to deal with real-life scientific problems.
ITA20251a faseQuestao 43InglêsInterpretação de textoFacilLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões 43 e 44.
The early development of radar was driven primarily by military imperatives, and the targets that were to be detected were mainly aircraft and ships. It was no surprise that echoes were also received from terrain and from rainstorms, but the discovery, during World War II, that birds were often detectable was less expected. As the technology developed, and specially after transmission at the shorter 'microwave' wavelengths became commonplace, echoes from insects were also identified. In the late 1940's and the 1950's, radar technology was adapted rapidly to the needs of meteorologists, while ornithologists pioneered the use of defence and air-traffic control radars to study bird migration.
Radar observations of insects, however, were relatively sparse until the early 1960's, when radar meteorologists became rather intensely interested in a type of warm-weather echo that appeared, puzzlingly from their perspective, when there was not a cloud in sight. Perhaps spurred by the meteorologists' observations, entomologists began their own exploitation of the technology in 1968, when a rather modest radar, built by G.W. Schaefer specifically for insect observation and operated in West Africa just south of the Sahara, proved to be very effective.
Fonte: DRAKE, V.A. and REYNOLDS, D.R. Radar Entomology: Observing Insect Flight and Migration. CAB International, 2012.
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De acordo com o texto, uma descoberta que causou surpresa aos usuários de radares durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial foi a capacidade do radar em detectar
- A)características geográficas.
- B)fenômenos atmosféricos.
- C)grupos de aves.
- D)grupos de insetos.
- E)aeronaves e navios.
ITA20251a faseQuestao 45InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 45 a 48.
As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies
Many ask authors to disclose use of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence
"It's all we've been talking about since November," says Patrick Franzen, publishing director for SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. He's referring to ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot unveiled that month. In response to a prompt, ChatGPT can spin out fluent and seemingly well-informed reports, essays — and scientific manuscripts. Worried about the ethics and accuracy of such content, Franzen and managers at other journals are scrambling to protect the scholarly literature from a potential flood of manuscripts written in whole or part by computer programs.
Some publishers have not yet formulated policies. Most of those that have avoid an outright ban on AI-generated text, but ask authors to disclose their use of the automated tools, as SPIE is likely to do. For now, editors and peer reviewers have few alternatives, as they lack enforcement tools. No software so far can consistently detect the synthetic text the majority of the time. [. . .]
In some cases, the resulting text is indistinguishable from what people would write. For example, researchers who read medical journal abstracts generated by ChatGPT failed to identify one-third of them as written by machine, according to a December 2022 preprint. AI developers are expected to create even more powerful versions, including ones trained specifically on scientific literature — a prospect that has sent a shock wave through the scholarly publishing industry.
So far, scientists report playing around with ChatGPT to explore its capabilities, and a few have listed ChatGPT as a co-author on manuscripts. Publishing experts worry such limited use could morph into a spike of manuscripts containing substantial chunks of AI-written text.
Fonte: BRAINARD, Jeffrey. As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, v. 379, n. 6634, 2023.
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According to the text, some publishers of scientific journals are concerned about the
- A)lack of policies regulating the production of fluent and seemingly well-informed reports essays.
- B)flood of manuscripts written entirely by computer programs that is already on the market.
- C)total ban that some publications have imposed on the publication of AI-generated texts.
- D)substantial number of authors who refuse to produce manuscripts having the ChatGPT as a co-author.
- E)possibility of an increase in the number of articles containing considerable amount of AI-written text.
ITA20251a faseQuestao 47InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder às questões de 45 a 48.
As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies
Many ask authors to disclose use of ChatGPT and other generative artificial intelligence
"It's all we've been talking about since November," says Patrick Franzen, publishing director for SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics. He's referring to ChatGPT, the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbot unveiled that month. In response to a prompt, ChatGPT can spin out fluent and seemingly well-informed reports, essays — and scientific manuscripts. Worried about the ethics and accuracy of such content, Franzen and managers at other journals are scrambling to protect the scholarly literature from a potential flood of manuscripts written in whole or part by computer programs.
Some publishers have not yet formulated policies. Most of those that have avoid an outright ban on AI-generated text, but ask authors to disclose their use of the automated tools, as SPIE is likely to do. For now, editors and peer reviewers have few alternatives, as they lack enforcement tools. No software so far can consistently detect the synthetic text the majority of the time. [. . .]
In some cases, the resulting text is indistinguishable from what people would write. For example, researchers who read medical journal abstracts generated by ChatGPT failed to identify one-third of them as written by machine, according to a December 2022 preprint. AI developers are expected to create even more powerful versions, including ones trained specifically on scientific literature — a prospect that has sent a shock wave through the scholarly publishing industry.
So far, scientists report playing around with ChatGPT to explore its capabilities, and a few have listed ChatGPT as a co-author on manuscripts. Publishing experts worry such limited use could morph into a spike of manuscripts containing substantial chunks of AI-written text.
Fonte: BRAINARD, Jeffrey. As scientists explore AI-written text, journals hammer out policies. Science, v. 379, n. 6634, 2023.
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Leia as asserções destacadas e, em seguida, assinale a alternativa CORRETA.
I. Pesquisadores acostumados a ler artigos de periódicos médicos não conseguem compreender um terço das publicações.
II. Por ora, editores e revisores de publicações científicas têm dificuldades para identificar, de forma consistente, textos gerados por IA dada a escassez de softwares especializados.
III. Responsáveis por publicações científicas estão relutantes em coibir o uso de geradores de texto por computador, temendo uma potencial enxurrada de críticas por parte da comunidade acadêmica.
IV. A publicação de prospectos gerados por IA, contendo novas versões de alguns artigos científicos específicos, causou uma onda de choque na indústria editorial acadêmica.
- A)Todas as asserções são verdadeiras.
- B)Somente as asserções II e III são verdadeiras.
- C)Apenas a asserção II é verdadeira.
- D)Somente as asserções III e IV são verdadeiras.
- E)Nenhuma das asserções é verdadeira.
ITA20241a faseQuestao 25InglêsInterpretação de textoMediaLeia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Read Your Way Through Salvador
By Itamar Vieira Junior and translated by Johnny Lorenz. July 19, 2023.
I was born in Salvador, in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and lived in the general vicinity until I reached the age of 15. But it was when I left that I really came to know my city. How was I able to discover more about my birthplace while traveling far from home? It might sound rather clichéd but, I assure you, literature made this possible: It took me on a journey, long and profound, back home, enveloping me in words and imagination.
To understand the formation of our unique society and, consequently, the cityscape of Salvador, one should read, before anything else, “The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom and Islam in the Black Atlantic,” by João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes and Marcus J.M. de Carvalho. Rufino was an alufá, or Muslim spiritual leader, born in the Oyo empire in present-day Nigeria and enslaved during his adolescence. “The Story of Rufino” is an epic tale, encapsulating the life of one man in search of freedom as well as the history of the development of Salvador itself, a place inextricably linked with the diaspora across the Black Atlantic. Another book for which I have deep affection is “The City of Women,” by the American anthropologist Ruth Landes. It offers an intriguing perspective, focusing on matriarchal power in candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian sacred practice, and revealing how the social organization of its spiritual communities reverberates across the city.
If you want to feel the intensity of life on the streets of Salvador, these two books, both by Amado, are indispensable: “Captains of the Sands” and “Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands.” The first is a coming-of-age story in which we follow a group of children and adolescents living on the streets and on the beaches around the Bay of All Saints. Written more than 80 years ago, the book was banned and even burned in the public square during the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in the first half of the 20th century. As a portrait of Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities. “Dona Flor and her Two Husbands” is one of Amado’s most popular novels, translated into more than 30 languages and adapted many times for theater, cinema, and television. The book is a kind of manifesto for a woman’s liberation. Dona Flor possesses great culinary talent, and oppressed by a patriarchal society, finds herself divided between two men, one being her deceased husband. While the novel captures the daily life of the city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful guide to the cuisine of Salvador, with its African and Portuguese influences.
I invite readers to travel into the interior of Bahia, many hours by car from Salvador to the region known as the Sertão, whose name translates loosely to “backwoods.” Two books can also transport you there, and they are sides of the same story: “Backlands: The Canudos Campaign,” by Euclides da Cunha, and “The War of the End of the World,” by Mario Vargas Llosa.
“Backlands” is one of the most important works in the history of Brazilian literature. It is a journalistic telling that introduces us not only to the brutal War of Canudos, but also to the intriguing landscape of the Sertão, a place so full of contradictions. In his writing of the conflict, da Cunha tells the story of the genesis of the tough sertanejo: a mythic, cowboyesque figure of the drought-stricken, lawless interior. “The War of the End of the World” is an essential epic that amplifies the narrative of “Backlands,” bringing a more
imaginative, creative aspect to the story of Antônio Conselheiro, the spiritual leader of a rebellion, and of the multitude that followed him to their deaths.
[Fonte: “Read Your Way Through Salvador”. In: The New York Times, 19/07/2023, <www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/books/salvador-bahia-brazil-books.html>. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 01/09/2023.]
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The text mainly intends to
- A)recommend the best books about Salvador to scholars who wish to study African heritage in Brazil.
- B)present Salvador, Bahia as well as part of the backwoods through literature to a foreign reader.
- C)recount the story of the author’s journey as a novelist himself.
- D)instigate foreigners to travel to Salvador to appreciate Afro-Brazilian cuisine.
- E)highlight inequalities and violence that underlie Brazilian society.