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EsPCEx (AMAN)2026Dia 2Questao 46InglêsVocabulárioMediaLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
Secret WWII tunnels under London to become new tourist attraction
A vast network of secret underground tunnels beneath central London, constructed during World War II, is set to be transformed into a major tourist attraction by 2028. The London Tunnels project, led by Angus Murray, aims to convert the historic Kingsway Exchange Tunnels into an immersive venue that combines a museum, exhibition space, and entertainment area, commemorating the tunnels' role in British history. With an estimated cost of £120 million (149million),theprojectseekstoattractuptothreemillionvisitorsannually.Ticketsareexpectedtocostover£30(37), and the attraction could rival visitor numbers of landmarks like the London Eye, which draws more than three million visitors each year.
The Kingsway Exchange Tunnels were originally built as air-raid shelters during the German bombing campaigns of World War II and were completed in 1942. However, by then, the bombing campaigns had ended, and the tunnels were never used for their intended purpose. Actually, their true significance emerged only later. In 1944, they were repurposed as a spy headquarters where Ian Fleming, the creator of James Bond, worked for the Naval Intelligence Service. The tunnels' connection to espionage adds a unique allure to the planned attraction, inviting visitors to explore a world filled with history, mystery, and wartime secrets. Post-war, the tunnels were expanded and became a top-secret communication center during the Cold War.
The tunnels have remained largely inaccessible to the public since the 1980s. The project aims to offer an immersive experience that merges historical preservation with modern technology. The attraction is set to include high-resolution immersive screens, interactive activities, hundreds of speakers, and scent-emitting technology to engage visitors fully. "One of the most thrilling global destinations," said Murray, envisioning the project as offering a unique journey through London's wartime past.
Adapted from https://www.jpost.com/omg/viral-news-from-the-web/article-840940
Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes actually in the sentence “Actually, their true significance emerged only later.” (paragraph 2).
- A)recently
- B)as a matter of fact
- C)for instance
- D)in my view
- E)nonetheless
EsPCEx (AMAN)2026Dia 2Questao 48InglêsVocabulárioMediaLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50.
Sweden Reintroduces Traditional Books in Schools After Digital-Only Education Experiment
In 2009, Sweden embarked on a bold journey to digitize its classrooms, aiming to revolutionize the way students learn. The government envisioned a future where computers and tablets would transform education into an interactive and accessible experience. By replacing traditional textbooks with digital alternatives, Sweden sought to make learning more dynamic and prepare students for the digital demands of the 21st century.
Despite the initial optimism, the digital transition did not deliver the anticipated results. Although Sweden maintained its high ranking in global education standards, studies and feedback from educators and parents revealed challenges. One significant issue was the decline in essential skills such as reading and writing. Teachers noticed that students struggled to concentrate and retain information when using screens compared to traditional paper-based learning methods.
Distractions from digital devices further compounded the problem. Lots of students get sidetracked by games or surfing the web during class instead of sticking to their studies. While computers and tablets were intended for learning, students often used them for gaming or browsing the internet during school hours, reducing classroom engagement.
Recognizing these challenges, Sweden has decided to reverse course. From 2022 to 2025, the government will invest €104 million to provide every student with paper textbooks for each subject. The decision reflects the government's understanding that (1)_____ technology has its advantages, traditional teaching methods are vital for fostering critical thinking and comprehension skills.
“This move is about finding a balance,” said Education Minister Lena Johansson. “We're not abandoning digital tools altogether, but we're ensuring that they complement rather than replace the foundational aspects of learning.” By reinstating printed material, Sweden hopes to rebuild fundamental learning skills (2)_____ continuing to use digital tools where they can add value. The new approach aims to harmonize digital and traditional methods to create a more comprehensive educational experience.
Adapted from https://theunn.com/sweden-reintroduces-traditional-books-in-schools-after-digital-only-education-experiment/
In the sentence “In 2009, Sweden embarked on a bold journey to digitize its classrooms” (paragraph 1), the word bold means
- A)not afraid of taking risks.
- B)impossible to overcome.
- C)afraid of taking risks.
- D)connected to a secret plan.
- E)harmful or illegal.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2024Dia 2Questao 50InglêsVocabulárioMediaIdentical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body
In 2021, a set of identical twins took part in an experiment that involved one going vegan while the other consumed meat to see which of these two diets is (1)_______. The diets are complete polar opposites, but which one is being (2)_____ to your body?
Well, explorers Hugo and Ross Turner decided to put the plant-based and omnivore diets to the test to see which was better - with Hugo ditching meat and dairy and Ross sticking to a diet that included meat, dairy and fish. The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a 12-week period (3)_____ the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same gym training.
Hugo admitted that the switch to a plant-based diet hadn't been easy, but he eventually ended up feeling more energetic. "I was on the vegan diet and it really does take a hit on your body. I was now having to eat fruit and nuts and alternatives that didn't have any dairy in them - and so that meant I was eating a lot more wholesome food, which meant that my sugar levels were a lot satiated during the day. I felt like I had more energy."
On the other hand, Ross' meat-eating journey was a little different. As he said, his gym performance was 'up and down a little bit more'. He added that on some days of the challenge he felt 'very energetic' and on others he would have 'huge lulls'.
By the end of the 12-week study, the men found that the differences between the two diets weren't very significant, after all.
(Adapted from ladbible.com)
In the sentence "He added that on some days of the challenge he felt 'very energetic' and on others he would have 'huge lulls'." (paragraph 4), the word "lulls" means Ross felt
- A)tired
- B)excited
- C)stressed
- D)happy
- E)calm
EsPCEx (AMAN)2024Dia 2Questao 54InglêsVocabulárioFacilWhy NASA spacesuits are white
What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White, and today's ISS (International Space Station) astronauts have in common? They all wore a white spacesuit. And they're not alone. Beyond NASA, space programs in countries like Russia and China also use white suits. Not the colors of the Russian flag or China's iconic yellow and red, just white. That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives. NASA didn't always have white spacesuits. Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the vacuum of space. And that's the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective. And the best color for that isn't silver, it's white.
Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation. But astronauts in space don't have that natural shield, which makes them vulnerable to blistering temperatures, severe sunburn, and even cancer-causing cell damage. So to combat that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun's harmful radiation.
But those white EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits aren't the only garment in an astronaut's closet. When heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit because that loud orange stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention, so if there's a malfunction during landing and astronauts have to abandon ship, so to speak, they need to be easy to spot for rescue crews.
That being said, times are changing. Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their color choices. NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard yellow. And in the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars. It will be the longest crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts could suffer from boredom or depression. That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.
(Adapted from businessinsider.com)
Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes "countless" in the sentence "That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives." (paragraph 1)
- A)a few
- B)few
- C)too many
- D)some
- E)no
EsPCEx (AMAN)2020Dia 2Questao 45InglêsVocabulárioFacilTeaching English in the Brazilian countryside
"In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world", says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguaçu. His learners are the children of rural workers.
Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to communicate with international buyers. "In the future, our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities because, nowadays, rural workers' children become lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but those children very rarely want to have a profession related to rural work", says Rafael.
"That happens", he adds, "because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they have. Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact with other parts of the world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program intends to show them that by means of a second language they can travel, communicate with new people and learn about new cultures as a means of promoting and selling what they produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from abroad."
Rafael's strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with what happens in the global market. "Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be transformative in the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of inspiration and learning not only for the young, but for us all."
(Adapted from cambridge.org/elt/blog, 2019.)
In the sentence "... our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities..." (paragraph 2), the word overcome means
- A)increase a problem.
- B)hide a problem.
- C)control a problem.
- D)start a problem.
- E)neglect a problem.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2020Dia 2Questao 49InglêsVocabulárioMedia(Título omitido propositadamente)
Italian children have been told not to turn up to school unless they can prove they have been properly vaccinated. The deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory vaccination. The new law came amid a surge in measles cases - but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved since it was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory immunisations before attending school. They include vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps and rubella.
Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from nursery and kindergarten without proof of vaccination under the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be banned from attending school, but their parents face fines if they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations.
Italian media report that regional authorities are handling the situation in a number of different ways. In Bologna, the local authority has set letters of suspension to the parents of some 300 children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have their vaccine documentation up to date. In other areas there have been no reported cases, while still others have been given a grace period of a few days beyond the deadline.
The new law was passed to raise Italy's dropping vaccination rates from below 80% to the World Health Organisation's 95% target.
(Adapted from bbc.com/news, 2019.)
Choose the statement in which the word range is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.
- A)It came within my range of vision.
- B)The bomb was tested on a missile range in the desert.
- C)Prices range between £7 and £10.
- D)There is a wide range of opinions on this issue.
- E)She was cooking soup on the range.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2020Dia 2Questao 50InglêsVocabulárioFacil(Título omitido propositadamente)
Italian children have been told not to turn up to school unless they can prove they have been properly vaccinated. The deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory vaccination. The new law came amid a surge in measles cases - but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved since it was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory immunisations before attending school. They include vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps and rubella.
Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from nursery and kindergarten without proof of vaccination under the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be banned from attending school, but their parents face fines if they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations.
Italian media report that regional authorities are handling the situation in a number of different ways. In Bologna, the local authority has set letters of suspension to the parents of some 300 children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have their vaccine documentation up to date. In other areas there have been no reported cases, while still others have been given a grace period of a few days beyond the deadline.
The new law was passed to raise Italy's dropping vaccination rates from below 80% to the World Health Organisation's 95% target.
(Adapted from bbc.com/news, 2019.)
In the sentence "...while still others have been given a grace period of a few days..." (paragraph 3), the expression grace period means
- A)tiebreak.
- B)dead end.
- C)extra time.
- D)target.
- E)timetable.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2020Dia 2Questao 51InglêsVocabulárioFacilLego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials
The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their products with a "sustainable material" by 2030, the company announced.
The world's largest toy company will invest $1 billion in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in Denmark, which ______(1) devoted to finding and implementing new sustainable alternatives for their current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no official definition of a sustainable material.
Legos ______(2) made with a strong plastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its products, according to NBC News.
Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego's carbon footprint, especially considering that only 10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its factories. The other 90% is produced from the extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from factories to toy stores.
The company ______(3) already taken steps to lower its carbon footprint, including a reduction of packaging size and an investment in an offshore wind farm.
(Adapted from time.com.)
In the sentence "Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego's carbon footprint..." (paragraph 4), the expression carbon footprint means
- A)carbon dioxide separation technology for industrial and gas treating applications.
- B)estimation of soil carbon saturation that indicates its potential to store more carbon.
- C)the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the activities of a company.
- D)species that are particularly sensitive and disappear after a pollution event.
- E)long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2020Dia 2Questao 55InglêsVocabulárioFacilPrison without guards or weapons in Brazil
Tatiane Correia de Lima is a 26-year-old mother of two who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil. The South American country has the world's fourth largest prison population and its jails regularly come under the spotlight for their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang violence provoking deadly riots.
Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream penitential system to a facility run ______(1) the Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts (APAC) in the town of Itaúna, in Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system, "which steals your femininity", as Lima puts it, at the APAC jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror, make-up and hair dye. But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep.
The APAC system has been gaining growing recognition as a safer, cheaper and more humane answer to the country's prison crisis. All APAC prisoners must have passed through the mainstream system and must show remorse and be willing to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of the system's philosophy. There are no guards or weapons and visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks the main door to the small women's jail.
Inmates are known as recuperandos (recovering people), reflecting the APAC focus ______(2) restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in collaboration with the local community. If they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned to the mainstream system. There have been physical fights but never a murder at an APAC jail.
(Adapted from bbc.com/news, 2018.)
In the sentence "But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep." (paragraph 2), the expression skin-deep means
- A)protective.
- B)extreme.
- C)shocking.
- D)profound.
- E)superficial.