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EsPCEx (AMAN)2026Dia 2Questao 55InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Stateless People
Stateless people are not recognized as citizens by any country. UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) advocates for their rights and works to prevent and end statelessness globally. Millions of people around the world are denied the right to a nationality, which leaves them stateless. As a result, they may be unable to access other basic rights and services. They are also often at a higher risk of exploitation and abuse. At the end of June 2024, UNHCR's statistical reporting counted 4.4 million stateless people. Given that most countries do not report statelessness data, the actual figure is believed to be substantially higher. Stateless people can be found in almost every country and in all regions of the world, and most live in the same country in which they were born.
Stateless people face a lifetime of missed opportunities and disappointment. When they are born, their parents may not be able to register their birth, obtain a birth certificate or other legal identity documents. Without this, they often cannot be enrolled in school. If they do manage to enter school and receive education, they may be barred from sitting formal exams to progress or enter university, unless they can prove their legal identity. As an adult, they may not be allowed to work legally, which leaves them at an increased risk of exploitation and abuse as they take low-paying and informal jobs. They often cannot access public services like health care. They also frequently cannot open a bank account, vote, get a passport to travel, buy a home or even get married. Stateless people cannot confer a nationality on their children. If the child is unable to obtain a nationality through either of their parents or from the country of birth, they will also end up stateless, perpetuating statelessness across generations.
What is the difference between a stateless person and a refugee? A stateless person is not considered a national of any country. A refugee is someone who has fled their country to escape conflict or persecution and has crossed an international border. While most refugees have a nationality, a person can be both stateless and a refugee. However, the majority of stateless people live within the country in which they were born and have never crossed an international border.
Adapted from https://www.unhcr.org/about-unhcr/who-we-protect/stateless-people
Choose the alternative that has the same meaning as the word sitting in the sentence “…they may be barred from sitting formal exams to progress…” (paragraph 2).
- A)paying
- B)making
- C)taking
- D)standing
- E)failing
EsPCEx (AMAN)2025Dia 2Questao 48InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaLetter sent in 1916 arrives over 100 years later
A letter written during World War I has finally arrived at a flat in Crystal Palace, south London, over 100 years later. According to the BBC, the envelope, sent in February 1916, bears a postmark from the English city of Bath and includes a one-penny stamp featuring the head of King George V.
The letter finally arrived two years ago at the apartment of theatre director Finlay Glen, 27, who told the outlet he was confused when he saw it in the mail and only recently gave the letter to a local historical society. "We were obviously pretty surprised and mystified as to how it could have been left there for more than 100 years," he said.
The mysterious letter was written to Katie Marsh, wife of local stamp magnate Oswald Marsh, by her friend Christabel Mennell and it describes her visit to a sanatorium in Bath where her father was a wheelchair user. The envelope also has a stamp from the Sydenham sorting office, which was in operation for over a century before it closed down in recent years. This led to speculation that the letter was found and placed in the day's post when the office was cleared out, Glen told the newspaper.
"We are uncertain what happened in this instance," a spokesperson from the Royal Mail said. "We appreciate that people will be intrigued by the history of this letter from 1916, but we have no further information on what might have happened."
Glen told the BBC that if relatives of the letter's sender, or relatives of the intended recipient, wanted the letter, he would gladly give it to them. "It's an amazing piece of their family history that has turned up," he said, "if they want to, they can come round."
(Adapted from people.com)
Choose the statement in which the word outlet has been used with the same meaning as in paragraph 2.
- A)Take-away outlets and cafés that promote 'coffee to go' generate waste.
- B)State-controlled media outlets still remain in authoritarian societies.
- C)He wasn't able to turn on the TV because the outlet wouldn't work.
- D)This is the column where the water outlet is located.
- E)Writing poetry was his only form of emotional outlet.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2023Dia 2Questao 46InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacilLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47. (Título omitido propositadamente) Often when mentoring, in a one-to-one session, it will be clear that the mentee’s worst critic is the one they see very regularly – daily, in fact. Often when they are tired and stressed. Often when they are at a low point. It’s the one they look (1)________ the mirror. I mean most of the time, the worst critic lives inside people’s head. It might be the criticism that you heard at school or college. It might be the voice of so-called friends. It might be a parent or guardian, sibling or perfect cousin. You can’t always shut those voices up. No matter how much you want to. You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them. If you can have an internal critic, you can also have an internal cheerleader. One technique is to give yourself advice that you would give your best friend in that situation. If you’re worrying about not being good (2)________ something, what would you say to your best friend in that state? You’d probably tell them that it would be alright, they’ll sail through it, that you believe (3)________ them. If you can do it for your best friend, you can do it for yourself. Adapted from https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article.
Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes counteract in the sentence “You can, however, recognise that they are internal voices and cultivate a strategy to counteract them.” (paragraph 2).
- A)neutralize
- B)encourage
- C)forget
- D)remember
- E)listen to
EsPCEx (AMAN)2023Dia 2Questao 53InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacilLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53. Romance and Reality Military service is demanding and dangerous. As I write this, American soldiers serve in remote and hostile environments. For young leaders in today's Army, the war on terror constitutes a difficult and sometimes tragic reality. Meanwhile, in the small classrooms of West Point, young cadets consider war through the eyes of Rudyard Kipling, Carl Sandburg, and John McCrae. During his or her plebe year, every West Point cadet takes a semester of English literature, reading and discussing poetry from Ovid to Owen, Spenser to Springsteen. Cadets must also recite poems from memory, a challenge that many graduates recall years later as one of their toughest hurdles. Why, in an age of increasingly technical and complex warfare, would America's future combat leaders spend sixteen weeks studying the likes of irony, rhyme, and meter? Poetry confronts cadets with new ideas that challenge their worldview. The West Point curriculum includes poetry, history, philosophy, politics, and law, because these subjects provide a universe of new ideas, different perspectives, competing values and conflicting emotions. In combat, our graduates face similar challenges: whether to fire at a sniper hiding in a mosque, or how to negotiate agreements between competing tribal leaders. Schoolbook solutions to these problems do not exist; combat leaders must rely on their own morality, their own creativity, their own convictions. In teaching cadets poetry, we teach them not what to think, but how to think. Adapted from https://www.poetryfoundation.org/search?query=romance+and+reality.
Choose the words that correctly and respectively substitute meanwhile and hurdles (paragraph 2).
- A)ironically and excitements
- B)contradictorily and obstacles
- C)simultaneously and hobbies
- D)simultaneously and obstacles
- E)erroneously and advantages
EsPCEx (AMAN)2023Dia 2Questao 54InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMuito facilLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56. Social Media: a Gold Mine for Scammers in 2021 Social media permeates the lives of many people – we use it to (1)______ in touch, (2)______ new friends, shop, and (3)______ fun. But reports to the FTC (Federal Trade Comission) show that social media is also increasingly where scammers go to trick us. More than one in four people who reported losing money to fraud in 2021 said it started on social media with an ad, a post, or a message. More than 95,000 people reported about $770 million in losses to fraud initiated on social media platforms in 2021. For scammers, there’s a lot to like about social media. It’s a low-cost way to reach billions of people from anywhere in the world. It’s easy to manufacture a fake persona, or scammers can hack into an existing profile to get “friends” to trick. There’s the ability to study the personal details people share on social media and target people with false ads based on details such as their age, interests, or past purchases. Reports make clear that social media is a tool for scammers in investment scams, particularly cryptocurrency investments. After investment scams, FTC data point to romance scams as the second most profitable fraud on social media. Losses to romance scams have climbed to record highs in recent years. While investment and romance scams top the list on dollars lost, the largest number of reports came from people who said they were scammed trying to buy something they saw marketed on social media. Some reports even described ads that impersonated real online retailers that drove people to lookalike websites. There are many other frauds on social media and new ones are popping up all the time. To minimize your risk, decline friend requests from people you don’t know, limit who can see your posts and personal information, be thoughtful about what you share online, and take care with suspect links. Adapted from https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/data-spotlight/2022/01/social-media-gold-mine-scammers-2021.
Scammer is a recurring word in the text. We can define “scammer” as someone who
- A)is in charge of a newspaper or magazine.
- B)persuades people to work for a company.
- C)writes books or articles to be published.
- D)makes money using illegal methods.
- E)manages local government services.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2022Dia 2Questao 55InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaRead the text and answer the questions.
The 'Queen's Gambit' Effect: Everyone Wants a Chess Set Now
_______(1) for the past few years the most popular _______(2) on Netflix was undoubtedly Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, as portrayed by Claire Foy and Olivia Colman in The Crown, this fall another type of queen _______(3) her mark: Beth Harmon, the captivating protagonist of The Queen's Gambit, a Netflix original that became an overnight sensation and inspired a slew of discerning viewers to pick up _______(4).
Call it the Queen's Gambit effect: Chessboards are flying off the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit season. Just ask Anthony Barzilay Freund, editorial director and director of fine art at vintage site 1stDibs: "The Queen's Gambit is driving an interest in the game of chess among new audiences and demographics," Freund confirms: "At 1stDibs, in just the month following the show's release, we've seen a 100% increase in sales of chessboards, pieces, and tables as compared to this time period last year."
Of course, while it might be enjoying a renewed popularity at the moment, the game of chess dates back centuries and has long captivated players all over the world. It's believed to have derived from a 7th-century Indian game, then evolved as it spread across Asia and Europe in the following centuries. As a result, says Freund, "you can find a variety of vintage and contemporary chess paraphernalia from dealers all over the world." Those who don't necessarily have the budget for pawns of precious stone have a myriad of options on the market at all price ranges. So light a fire, make a drink, and set up the chessboard – Beth Harmon would be proud.
Adapted from https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/a34874207/queens-gambit-beth-harmon-chess-sets/
In the sentence "Chessboards are flying off the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit season." (paragraph 2), the words fly off the rack mean
- A)to put money in a bank account.
- B)to have no chance of succeeding.
- C)to be sold very quickly.
- D)to make a short sound.
- E)to give or return a call.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2021Dia 2Questao 46InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacilLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.
Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to stay in Australia
Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics – both obtained in English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, she has excellent grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak English well enough to stay in Australia. But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test – scored by a machine – essentially handed her a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language. Earlier this year, Kennedy decided she would seek permanent residency in Australia. She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked when she got the results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when the government requires 79. “There's obviously a flaw in their computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency cannot get enough points,” she said. The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with its computer-based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates' responses. “We do not offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent residency”, they say. Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian husband.
(Adaptado de theguardian.com, 8 ago. 2017.)
Choose the alternative that has the same meaning as the word mandatory in the sentence “She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test...” (paragraph 3).
- A)difficult
- B)reasonable
- C)compulsory
- D)useful
- E)comprehensive
EsPCEx (AMAN)2021Dia 2Questao 51InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasFacilLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.
OXFAM AMERICA
Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942 in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International. Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a privately funded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit people from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient. Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. Oxfam's projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a women's literacy program in India to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California.
(Adaptado de students.brown.edu.)
In the sentences “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2) and “...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.” (paragraph 3), the word foster means
- A)promote.
- B)expel.
- C)minimize.
- D)finish.
- E)decrease.
EsPCEx (AMAN)2021Dia 2Questao 54InglêsVocabulário e expressões idiomáticasMediaLeia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.
Native English speakers are the world's worst communicators
It was just one word in one email, but it caused huge financial losses for a multinational company. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. Months later, senior management investigated why the project had failed, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” When such misunderstandings happen, it's usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. “A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world's global language. They feel they don't have to spend time learning another language.” The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang, abbreviations and references specific to their own culture, says Chong. “The native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to adapt to the others,” she adds.
(Adaptado de bbc.com/capital, 28 out. 2016.)
Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes SPIRALLED OUT OF CONTROL in the sentence “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” (paragraph 2).
- A)quickly got worse in an unmanageable way
- B)got better after a phone call about the word
- C)were intentionally unprofessionally handled
- D)went on the way everybody wanted them to go
- E)started to reach a common sense for them