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Interpretação de texto · EFOMM

Interpretação de texto: questões do EFOMM

28 questões de Interpretação de texto (Inglês) no EFOMM (2020–2026). Treine de graça com correção e comentário.

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Questões de Interpretação de texto no EFOMM

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EFOMM2026Dia 1Questao 3InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text I Read the text below and answer questions 3, 4 and 5. The universe is not locally real By Daniel Garisto One of the most unsettling discoveries in the past half a century is that the universe is not locally real. In this context, "real" means that objects have definite properties independent of observation - an apple can be red even when no one is looking. "Local" means that objects can be influenced only by their surroundings and that any influence cannot travel faster than the light. Investigations at the frontier of quantum physics have found that these things cannot both be true. Instead the evidence shows that objects are not influenced solely by their surroundings, and they may also lack definite properties prior to measurement. This is, of course, deeply contrary to our everyday experiences. As Albert Einstein once bemoaned to a friend, "Do you really believe the moon is not there when you are not looking at it?" To adapt a phrase from author Douglas Adams, the demise of local realism has made a lot of people very angry and has been widely regarded as a bad move. Blame for this achievement has now been laid squarely on the shoulders of three physicists: John Clauser, Alain Aspect and Anton Zeilinger. They equally split the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics "for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science" ("Bell inequalities" refers to the pioneering work of Northern Ireland physicist John Stewart Bell, who laid the foundations for the 2022 Physics Nobel in the early 1960s). Colleagues agreed that the trio had it coming, deserving this reckoning for overthrowing reality as we know it. "It was long overdue," says Sandu Popescu, a quantum physicist at the University of Bristol in England. "Without any doubt, the prize is well deserved." "The experiments beginning with the earliest one of Clauser and continuing along show that this stuff isn't just philosophical, it's real - and like other real things, potentially useful," says Charles H. Bennett, and eminent quantum researcher at IBM. "Each Year I thought, 'Oh, maybe this is the year,'" says David Kaiser, a physicist and historian at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2022 "it really was. It was very emotional - and very thrilling." The journey from fringe to favor was a long one. From about 1940 until as late as 1990, studies of so-called quantum foundations were often treated as philosophy at best and crackpottery at worst. Many scientific journals refused to publish papers on the topic, and academic positions indulging such investigations were nearly impossible to come by. In 1985 Popescu's adviser warned him against a Ph.D. in the subject. "He said, 'Look, if you do that, you will have fun for five years, and then you will be jobless,'" Popescu says. Today quantum information science is among the most vibrant subfields in all of physics. (Adapted from: Scientific American, 2023) Choose the correct option according to the text.
  1. A)The fact that the universe might not behave in a way that is both local and real is considered a comforting discovery.
  2. B)Quantum foundations have never been regarded as nonscientific.
  3. C)The theoretical underpinnings of research carried out by John Clauser, Alain Aspect, and Anton Zeilinger were not established in the 21st century.
  4. D)"Local" relates to the intrinsic properties of an object as they are accurately observed.
  5. E)The demise of local realism has made people angry because "local realism" is diametrically opposed to what we experience in daily life.
EFOMM2026Dia 1Questao 6InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text II Read the text below and answer the questions 6, 7 and 8. The search for 'meaning' at work By Kate Morgan Ask workers what the most important thing is to them in a job, and first on the list generally is pay cheque - perhaps obviously. But in a very close second, as data is beginning to show; people want their work to have meaning. A 2020 McKinsey & Company surveyed showed 82% of employees believe it's important their company has a purpose; ideally, one that contributes to society and creates meaningful work. And when a company has purpose, its people do, too. Separate McKinsey research from 2022 showed 70% of employees say their personal sense of purpose is defined by their work, and when that work feels meaningful, they perform better, are much more committed and are about half as likely to go looking for a new job. The search for meaning at work is a relatively new idea, says Aaron De Smet, a senior partner at McKinsey. The Industrial Revolution, he says, made work very "transactional": people worked and got paid money to live, with no greater purpose required or expected. But over time, as decent working conditions and a pay cheque became simple fundamentals, workers began to want more. In 2018, a survey of American professionals showed nine out of 10 workers would trade a percentage of their earnings for work that felt more meaningful. This drive for meaning is especially true of the newest generation to enter the workforce; in a survey of Gen Z workers from jobs site Monster, 70% of respondents ranked purpose as more important than pay. As people's jobs have become a significant part of their identities - and the way they spend most of their time - occupations have also become the place where they hope to derive at least some of their life's meaning. People might define meaning in many ways, whether that's working in a glossy 'dream job' or using particular skills to perform a necessary role. But however people frame meaning, experts say that in the workplace of the future, making people feel that what they're doing matters, matters more than ever. The modern search for meaning at work The desire for meaningful work has been a slow and steady evolution that's happened as society has become, on the whole, wealthier. As people's basic needs for food and shelter were met, and the nature of work changed, people began to want more from their daily grinds. In many industries, the more rote, repetitive jobs have disappeared. "Automation is happening pretty quickly, which is why I think things are now coming to this tipping point where meaning matters a lot," says De Smet. Stephanie Bot, a clinical psychologist and co-founder of Workright, a Toronto-based workplace mental-health consultancy, notes that for a lot of people, identity has become closely tied to work. What we do, in many ways, defines who we are. "As the type of jobs we're in have evolved, people are now looking for a greater sense of self," she says. It makes people feel like their lives have meaning, she adds, when their work does. People also spend most of their time at work - it's the activity that takes up the biggest chunk of waking hours - and even when they're not actively working, many people are still thinking about work. The majority of younger people, in particular, report that it's difficult to disengage. It becomes even more important, then, that this place people spend most of their time and mental energy mean something. "If people don't have outside time to get those needs met elsewhere," says Bot, "they need to get more out of work." In the wake of the pandemic, meaningful work has become more important to people than ever before. It was a catalyst that realigned many people's priorities. "Two-thirds of US employees said Covid caused them to reflect on their purpose in life," says De Smet, of 2021 McKinsey research. "Everybody took this moment to step back and reassess. People were taking stock of their lives, and asking, 'Does what I do matter? I should really spend my time on things that matter." People's search for meaning in their work contributed to the Great Resignation - a phenomenon that's seen workers leave their jobs in droves throughout the past two years. "Some people said, 'I'm not getting enough meaning from work, I want to work somewhere my purpose is more fulfilled by the work I do'," says De Smet. "Or, they said, 'I don't feel the work I do is important to anyone. I want to go somewhere it feels like my work is valued by my organisation'." (Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/) Choose the correct option according to the text.
  1. A)Transactional jobs entail the idea of ensuring the employees' sense of worthiness.
  2. B)Most members of Generation Z believe purpose outweighs pay.
  3. C)Having a meaningful job is something ordinarily wanted before anything else.
  4. D)Occupying glamorous positions is not considered a part of many possible definitions of meaningful jobs.
  5. E)'Great Resignation' can be defined as people's willingness to fight for their dream jobs.
EFOMM2026Dia 1Questao 13InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text III Based on the text below, answer questions 12 and 13. MSC Antonia The 304 meter long, 85760 dwt container ship MSC Antonia (IMO: 9398216) ran aground 1._____ the Red Sea some 100 nautical miles 2._____ Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The boxship was headed 3._____ Jeddah after making a stop 4._____ Port Sudan when it ran aground. After the grounding, the vessel developed a small list 5._____ port. The MSC Antonia was unable to free itself and requested assistance. Reports state several tugs were dispatched to help refloat the container ship. The cause of the grounding is 6._____ investigation. News reports suggest the MSC Antonia ran aground due to its GPS being jammed 7._____ electronic interference in the area. The vessel owners have not disclosed or made comments about the incident. No details if any damage or pollution had been released from the incident. (Adapted from: https://Shipwrecklog.com/log) According to the text, container ship MSC Antonia:
  1. A)keeled over seawards.
  2. B)was at a standstill in Jeddah.
  3. C)battened down the hatches.
  4. D)became wedged and tilted slightly.
  5. E)was adrift, not under command.
EFOMM2026Dia 1Questao 14InglêsInterpretação de textoDificil
Text IV Based on the text below, answer questions 14 and 15. Grounded vessel breaks apart off South Africa The Panama-flagged general cargo vessel, Ultra Galaxy, beached on its side in a remote area of South Africa's west coast since early July, broke apart into four sections over the weekend in stormy conditions with the South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA) reporting an oil spill. Some 125 people from local communities have been enlisted to help in the clean up. The wreck was battered by swells of up to 6.8 m striking every 15 seconds, and the massive force of this constant battering caused the accommodation block to first break off, which then led to a number of larger cracks on the hull, forward of the accommodation. The 13,800 dwt Ultra Galaxy was built in 2008. According to available data from Equasis, it is owned by Fujita Shoji and managed by Denmark-based dry bulk operator Ultrabulk. At the time of its distress call on July 8, it was en route to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. (Adapted from: https://splash247.com/) According to the text, it is correct to say that:
  1. A)vessel Ultra Galaxy was steering towards Tanzania when the skipper relayed a distress alert.
  2. B)a storm surge made ship Ultra Galaxy drift to a faraway region of the South Africa's west coast.
  3. C)a whirlpool caused the constant battering and led to an oil spill.
  4. D)the freighter Ultra Galaxy berthed clear of land.
  5. E)the superstructure gave way and caused breaches on the frame.
EFOMM2025Dia 1Questao 2InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text I Based on the text below, answer questions 1, 2 and 3. Ships and seamanship By Jan Bill Although shipbuilding traditions in Viking-Age Scandinavia were not fundamentally different from those in other parts of northern Europe, archaeological evidence shows that Viking ships were lighter, slimmer, faster, and thus probably better sailers than the heavier vessels used by the English and, presumably, the Franks at that time. There are two main reasons for these differences. The first is geographical. In Scandinavia waterways and access to the sea were more important factors in determining the location of settlements than they were in other parts of northern Europe. In Norway and Sweden most people lived near the coast or around large lakes, while the forests and mountains were very sparsely settled. Inland waterways were not only sheltered; they were also routes to the sea. No part of Viking-Age Denmark was far from the sea; it was virtually an archipelago, joined to the Continent by a narrow strip of land, and separated from the interior of the great Scandinavian peninsula by a deep barrier of forest. These natural features also meant that the authority of many rulers in Viking-Age Scandinavia, unlike that of their contemporaries in Europe, to a large extent depended on ships and control of the sea. The extensive empire that Danish kings ruled at the end of the eighth century was to a significant degree based on naval power. The second reason is historical. Scandinavia was sufficiently remote from the Romans and, later, the Franks for its political and religious life to flourish relatively unaffected by the transformations that occurred in other parts of Europe in the first millennium AD. One feature that survived was the central role of the ship as both a religious and secular symbol, a role that is illustrated by the fact that Bronze-Age stone ship-settings and metal representations of ships were already well developed over a thousand years before Christ. The symbolic significance of ships naturally led to refinements in their construction: a fine ship conferred prestige on its owner. In the clash between Christian and Nordic culture that occurred in the Viking Age, ship burials were more frequent than they had previously been, implying that ships had acquired even greater significance as a religious symbol, at least among the pagans who resisted the advance of the new religion. The symbolic and practical importance of ships in early Scandinavian society resulted in such improvements in ship design that Scandinavians were well equipped in comparison with other north Europeans. The contrast was all the greater because in many parts of Europe one of the main functions of ships had long been to carry cargoes, a purpose for which speed and elegance were not highly prized qualities. On the Atlantic and the North Sea Viking ships met the same challenges as the ships of the English, Frisians, and Franks, but they did so for different reasons. (From: The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings.) Choose the correct option according to the text:
  1. A)The vessels used by the English were slenderer than Viking ships.
  2. B)The pagans ruled out the ship as a religious symbol.
  3. C)Access to the sea was disregarded when deciding on settlement locations.
  4. D)Natural features had a detrimental impact on seamanship.
  5. E)Mountains were scantly occupied in Norway and Sweden.
EFOMM2025Dia 1Questao 8InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text II — Based on the song “Dance The Night” (Dua Lipa, 2023), answer questions 7, 8 and 9. (Source: letras.mus.br/dua-lipa/dance-the-night) It is possible to infer from the song that (she):
  1. A)can dance the night away because she is no longer in chains.
  2. B)is happy even though her relationship is over.
  3. C)although she is sad, she doesn’t want to show it.
  4. D)is celebrating the weakness of romance.
  5. E)thinks that everyone in a relationship shouldn’t dance.
EFOMM2025Dia 1Questao 12InglêsInterpretação de textoFacil
Text III Based on the text below, answer questions 12 and 13. After making his name battling zombies in 28 Days Later and ruling a ruthless gang in Peaky Blinders, Cillian Murphy has now been recognised as a Hollywood heavyweight after winning his first Oscar for playing the father of the atomic bomb in Oppenheimer. As an actor with a serious reputation and a serious talent, it was refreshing that the first thing to come out of Murphy's mouth w hen he went on stage to accept his best actor statuette was a joyful laugh. Not someone usually given to public displays of emotion, it was clear how much winning an Oscar meant. He may have been the frontrunner to win throughout awards season, but he was still "a little overwhelmed" to have the Oscar in his hand, he told the audience. Declaring himself "a very proud Irishman" - the first Irish-born star to win best actor at the Oscars, in fact - he did then get serious. Clearly conscious of his winning role as J Robert Oppenheimer, the US theoretical physicist whose work gave humanity the potential for nuclear annihilation, he dedicated the award to "the peacemakers everywhere". (By: Steven McIntosh and Ian Youngs, Entertainment reporters. bbc.com) “Not someone usually given to public displays of emotion”. According to the text line Murphy is:
  1. A)outgoing.
  2. B)foolish.
  3. C)dedicated.
  4. D)snobbish.
  5. E)introverted.
EFOMM2025Dia 1Questao 13InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text III Based on the text below, answer questions 12 and 13. After making his name battling zombies in 28 Days Later and ruling a ruthless gang in Peaky Blinders, Cillian Murphy has now been recognised as a Hollywood heavyweight after winning his first Oscar for playing the father of the atomic bomb in Oppenheimer. As an actor with a serious reputation and a serious talent, it was refreshing that the first thing to come out of Murphy's mouth w hen he went on stage to accept his best actor statuette was a joyful laugh. Not someone usually given to public displays of emotion, it was clear how much winning an Oscar meant. He may have been the frontrunner to win throughout awards season, but he was still "a little overwhelmed" to have the Oscar in his hand, he told the audience. Declaring himself "a very proud Irishman" - the first Irish-born star to win best actor at the Oscars, in fact - he did then get serious. Clearly conscious of his winning role as J Robert Oppenheimer, the US theoretical physicist whose work gave humanity the potential for nuclear annihilation, he dedicated the award to "the peacemakers everywhere". (By: Steven McIntosh and Ian Youngs, Entertainment reporters. bbc.com) Considering the text, it is safe to say that Cillian Murphy:
  1. A)is not “overwhelmed” enough.
  2. B)is still “a little overwhelmed”.
  3. C)is proud just because he is an Irishman.
  4. D)is the best actor at the Oscars, so he’s proud of himself.
  5. E)is the only actor with a serious reputation and a serious talent.
EFOMM2024Dia 1Questao 1InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text I Digital habits across generations Today's grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different generations' online habits couldn't be more different. In the UK the over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site's second bigger used group, with 3.5 million users aged 55-64 and 2.9 million over-65s. Sheila, aged 59, says, 'I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It's a much better way to see what they're doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That's how we did it when I was a child, but I think I'm lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.' Ironically, Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 in the UK are leaving the site - only 2.2 million uses are under 17 - but they're not going far from their smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. 'It's my alarm clock so I have to,' she says. 'I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.' Unlike her grandmother's generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't heard from in forty years. 'We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country,' she says. 'It's changed my social life completely.' Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, aged 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. 'I was always connected and I felt like I was always working,' he says. 'How could I tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in front of a screen myself?' So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. 'I'm not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I'm setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.' Is it only a matter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend for a less digital life? (Adapted from: https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading/b1-reading/digital-habits-across-generations). 1ª Questão Mark the correct option about the text.
  1. A)Peter says that the only way to have more quality time is by being completely cut off from the world.
  2. B)The number of the over-55s joining Facebook in the UK is decreasing.
  3. C)According to Sheila, waiting for letters and photos is still the best way to check her grandchildren's lives.
  4. D)Chloe and her age group are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life.
  5. E)Peter can tell his kids to get off their phones even when he's spending a lot of time in front of a screen himself.
EFOMM2024Dia 1Questao 6InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text II There will probably be more plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050 Marine trash has been harming marine life for a very long time. These negative effects hurt both people and animals. The International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates that people produce 300 million tonnes of plastic each year, at least 14 million of which end up in the ocean. Although the effects of plastics on marine life have been discussed for a long time, not much has been done to help address the issue. National Geographic estimates that there are 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash in the ocean. Scientists are concerned about the amount of plastic contamination as a result. Due to the amount of plastic in the water, it is now being questioned whether anything that comes out of it is suitable for human consumption. Because it impacts a lot of marine species in addition to human health, food safety, and climate change, plastic pollution in the oceans is a significant issue right now more than ever. Microplastics are produced as a result of the degradation of plastics brought on by exposure to sunshine, weather, and other elements of nature. Animals that mistake plastic for food can easily consume microplastics. Because their bodies are unable to handle the amount of plastic being consumed, marine life is killed as a result of this mistake. The World Wildlife Federation estimates that marine mammals affected by plastic pollution, such as turtles, seabirds, whales, fish, and dolphins, die 100,000 times per year as a result of ingestion or entanglement in plastic fishing gear. This number is likely to increase, as by 2050, there will probably be more plastic in the ocean than fish. You can no longer label anything that emerges from the water as biological, according to Dr Jennifer Lavers, a zoologist at the University of Tasmania, who spoke with ABC Science. Fish ingest tonnes of plastic every year, and the more plastic pollution there is, the further up the food chain you go, the more likely it is that it will reach humans, especially those who eat seafood. The International Union for Conservation of Nature reports that Microplastics are found in tap water, beer, and salt and are present in all samples collected in the world's oceans, including the Arctic. Because some of the chemicals used to make plastic are hazardous to humans, microplastics are now present in many items that people use on a daily basis. Contaminated plastics that have been consumed by marine life pose health dangers to humans. Last year, scientists published a study with unexpected results. Human blood was found to include plastic, which is not where it should be. According to the researchers, plastic particles were discovered in 17 of the 22 anonymous, healthy adult participants' blood samples. A third of the samples had polystyrene, which is used for packaging food and other products, and half of the samples contained PET plastic, which is frequently used in beverage bottles. One-fourth of the blood samples contained polyethene, a material used to make plastic carrier bags, according to The Guardian. This study proved that plastic is ingested by people and is found in everyday products. Scientists concur that these effects must be recognised because plastic production is only set to increase, even if there is still much to learn about the possible effects of plastic on humans. Research has shown that plastics affect both people and marine life, and as more knowledge is gained, individuals will be able to take action to minimise the problem of plastic pollution. One of the easiest and most direct ways that people can help the fight against plastic pollution is to reduce their usage of single-use plastics like plastic bags, straws, and cups. By carrying about reusable versions of such products and avoiding single-use plastic, people can make little changes that, with regular use, may have significant positive benefits. (Abridged and adapted from: https://www.marineinsight.com/videos/wildlife-and-humankind-are-alarmingly-threatened-by-plastic-debris). 6ª Questão Read the statements about the text and decide whether they are True (T) or False (F). Mark the correct option. I- Anything that comes out of the ocean nowadays - due to the pollution in the water - is unsuitable for human consumption. II- There is a high probability that, by 2050, the amount of fish in the ocean will be smaller than the quantity of plastic in it. III- According to Dr Jennifer Lavers, fish ingest tonnes of plastic every year, and the more plastic pollution there is, so that means we can no longer label anything that emerges from the water as biological. IV- Scientists concur that there is still much to learn about the possible effects of plastic on humans, and that there might be possible effects. V- A third of the healthy adult participants' blood samples revealed polyethene and polystyrene in it, which are plastic particles.
  1. A)T- T - T - F - F
  2. B)F - F - T - T - F
  3. C)F - F - F - T - T
  4. D)F - T - T - F - F
  5. E)T - T - F - F - T
EFOMM2024Dia 1Questao 7InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text II There will probably be more plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050 Marine trash has been harming marine life for a very long time. These negative effects hurt both people and animals. The International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates that people produce 300 million tonnes of plastic each year, at least 14 million of which end up in the ocean. Although the effects of plastics on marine life have been discussed for a long time, not much has been done to help address the issue. National Geographic estimates that there are 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash in the ocean. Scientists are concerned about the amount of plastic contamination as a result. Due to the amount of plastic in the water, it is now being questioned whether anything that comes out of it is suitable for human consumption. Because it impacts a lot of marine species in addition to human health, food safety, and climate change, plastic pollution in the oceans is a significant issue right now more than ever. Microplastics are produced as a result of the degradation of plastics brought on by exposure to sunshine, weather, and other elements of nature. Animals that mistake plastic for food can easily consume microplastics. Because their bodies are unable to handle the amount of plastic being consumed, marine life is killed as a result of this mistake. The World Wildlife Federation estimates that marine mammals affected by plastic pollution, such as turtles, seabirds, whales, fish, and dolphins, die 100,000 times per year as a result of ingestion or entanglement in plastic fishing gear. This number is likely to increase, as by 2050, there will probably be more plastic in the ocean than fish. You can no longer label anything that emerges from the water as biological, according to Dr Jennifer Lavers, a zoologist at the University of Tasmania, who spoke with ABC Science. Fish ingest tonnes of plastic every year, and the more plastic pollution there is, the further up the food chain you go, the more likely it is that it will reach humans, especially those who eat seafood. The International Union for Conservation of Nature reports that Microplastics are found in tap water, beer, and salt and are present in all samples collected in the world's oceans, including the Arctic. Because some of the chemicals used to make plastic are hazardous to humans, microplastics are now present in many items that people use on a daily basis. Contaminated plastics that have been consumed by marine life pose health dangers to humans. Last year, scientists published a study with unexpected results. Human blood was found to include plastic, which is not where it should be. According to the researchers, plastic particles were discovered in 17 of the 22 anonymous, healthy adult participants' blood samples. A third of the samples had polystyrene, which is used for packaging food and other products, and half of the samples contained PET plastic, which is frequently used in beverage bottles. One-fourth of the blood samples contained polyethene, a material used to make plastic carrier bags, according to The Guardian. This study proved that plastic is ingested by people and is found in everyday products. Scientists concur that these effects must be recognised because plastic production is only set to increase, even if there is still much to learn about the possible effects of plastic on humans. Research has shown that plastics affect both people and marine life, and as more knowledge is gained, individuals will be able to take action to minimise the problem of plastic pollution. One of the easiest and most direct ways that people can help the fight against plastic pollution is to reduce their usage of single-use plastics like plastic bags, straws, and cups. By carrying about reusable versions of such products and avoiding single-use plastic, people can make little changes that, with regular use, may have significant positive benefits. (Abridged and adapted from: https://www.marineinsight.com/videos/wildlife-and-humankind-are-alarmingly-threatened-by-plastic-debris). 7ª Questão From the excerpt "[...] some of the chemicals used to make plastic are hazardous to humans, microplastics are now present in many items that people use on a daily basis.", it is possible to infer that:
  1. A)microplastics are only present in certain types of plastic.
  2. B)the use of plastic should be completely eliminated to avoid the presence of microplastics.
  3. C)examples of items that may contain microplastics include personal care products like toothpaste and exfoliating scrubs.
  4. D)some of the chemicals used to make plastic are unhealthy to humans.
  5. E)microplastics are not a concern for human health.
EFOMM2024Dia 1Questao 8InglêsInterpretação de textoMedia
Text II There will probably be more plastic in the ocean than fish by 2050 Marine trash has been harming marine life for a very long time. These negative effects hurt both people and animals. The International Union for Conservation of Nature estimates that people produce 300 million tonnes of plastic each year, at least 14 million of which end up in the ocean. Although the effects of plastics on marine life have been discussed for a long time, not much has been done to help address the issue. National Geographic estimates that there are 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash in the ocean. Scientists are concerned about the amount of plastic contamination as a result. Due to the amount of plastic in the water, it is now being questioned whether anything that comes out of it is suitable for human consumption. Because it impacts a lot of marine species in addition to human health, food safety, and climate change, plastic pollution in the oceans is a significant issue right now more than ever. Microplastics are produced as a result of the degradation of plastics brought on by exposure to sunshine, weather, and other elements of nature. Animals that mistake plastic for food can easily consume microplastics. Because their bodies are unable to handle the amount of plastic being consumed, marine life is killed as a result of this mistake. The World Wildlife Federation estimates that marine mammals affected by plastic pollution, such as turtles, seabirds, whales, fish, and dolphins, die 100,000 times per year as a result of ingestion or entanglement in plastic fishing gear. This number is likely to increase, as by 2050, there will probably be more plastic in the ocean than fish. You can no longer label anything that emerges from the water as biological, according to Dr Jennifer Lavers, a zoologist at the University of Tasmania, who spoke with ABC Science. Fish ingest tonnes of plastic every year, and the more plastic pollution there is, the further up the food chain you go, the more likely it is that it will reach humans, especially those who eat seafood. The International Union for Conservation of Nature reports that Microplastics are found in tap water, beer, and salt and are present in all samples collected in the world's oceans, including the Arctic. Because some of the chemicals used to make plastic are hazardous to humans, microplastics are now present in many items that people use on a daily basis. Contaminated plastics that have been consumed by marine life pose health dangers to humans. Last year, scientists published a study with unexpected results. Human blood was found to include plastic, which is not where it should be. According to the researchers, plastic particles were discovered in 17 of the 22 anonymous, healthy adult participants' blood samples. A third of the samples had polystyrene, which is used for packaging food and other products, and half of the samples contained PET plastic, which is frequently used in beverage bottles. One-fourth of the blood samples contained polyethene, a material used to make plastic carrier bags, according to The Guardian. This study proved that plastic is ingested by people and is found in everyday products. Scientists concur that these effects must be recognised because plastic production is only set to increase, even if there is still much to learn about the possible effects of plastic on humans. Research has shown that plastics affect both people and marine life, and as more knowledge is gained, individuals will be able to take action to minimise the problem of plastic pollution. One of the easiest and most direct ways that people can help the fight against plastic pollution is to reduce their usage of single-use plastics like plastic bags, straws, and cups. By carrying about reusable versions of such products and avoiding single-use plastic, people can make little changes that, with regular use, may have significant positive benefits. (Abridged and adapted from: https://www.marineinsight.com/videos/wildlife-and-humankind-are-alarmingly-threatened-by-plastic-debris). 8ª Questão Which option can NOT be inferred from the text?
  1. A)At least 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash are in the ocean.
  2. B)The effects of plastics on marine life have been a concern for a long time, even though not much has been done to solve the problem.
  3. C)Scientists believe that the effects of plastic on humans should not be noticed.
  4. D)Human blood was found to include plastic in a recent study.
  5. E)One of the ways to fight against plastic pollution is to reduce usage of single-use plastics.
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